Case Analysis Frito-Lay - 4387 Words

Sustain Your Chips —Sustainable Strategies Consultation for Frito-Lay Inc. 2011 Gillian Hrycko, Goya and Jake Eco-Innovations Consulting Firm 2011/7/18 Executive Summary Frito-Lay is a brand known by almost every consumer in North America. With products being exported to 79 countries around the globe and accounting for almost 62% of the salty snack industry in North America, it is certainly a powerful brand. Yet there are still many issues the company faces, both internally and externally. Some external problems the company faces are the threats of new entrants, threats of substitutes, and intense rivalry among competitors. Some internal problems the†¦show more content†¦1.2.1 Bargaining Power of Supplier Usually raw materials provided to Frito-Lay mainly consist of potatoes, barley, spices and other ingredients. Empirically, among these primary materials, potatoes are in the dominating position. Potatoes and even barley are extremely ordinary crops. Frito-Lay has great control power on them. * Again, as one of the common farm crops, potatoes are more likely to be provided by farmers. For Frito-Lay, there are more than enough potato growers to select from, thus the number of potential input suppliers can be huge. * At the same time, as a leader in the industry, the company can be absolutely well informed about these farmers’ products (potato and barley) and market. * Due to the scale and power of influence in North America, Potato suppliers, to a large extent, rely on the cooperative business with Frito-Lay. Sometimes this is the one and only regular customer for some farmers, which means business with Frito-Lay, occupies a relatively large portion of their business. * The uniq ue taste, formulation and production process of chips are definitely commercial secrets. In addition, the barrier to the technology and the restricted capital for machinery also eliminate the possibility for suppliers to directly sell chips to customers of the company. Therefore, suppliers cannot enjoy a high bargaining power inShow MoreRelatedFrito Lays Case Analysis1455 Words   |  6 Pagesmid-eighties Frito-Lay’s Dips had become a highly profitable product line with sales of $30 million in 1981, growing to $87 million in 1985. In late 1986, Marketing Director Ben Ball, and Product Manager Ann Mirabito had completed the planning review for the Frito-Lay line of dips. A major issue at the planning meeting was where, and how, to further develop Frito-Lay’s Dips. Two divergent viewpoints developed; that the dip line should be more aggressively promoted in its market segment, and that Frito-LayRead MoreCase Analysis of Frito Lay Essay917 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: CASE ANALYSIS OF FRITO-LAY Case Analysis of Frito-Lay MKT610: Marketing Strategies Jane Student Davenport University Terry O’Connor, Ph.D. June 15, 2010 Table of Contents Purpose and Overview 3 Analysis of Our Past and Current Situations 3 External Opportunities We Could Exploit 4 External Threats That May Impeded Success 4 Internal Strengths on Which to Capitalize 4 Internal Weaknesses to Overcome 4 Assumptions on Which the StrategiesRead MoreFrito Lays Case Analysis1398 Words   |  6 PagesRecommendation: It is recommended that Frito-Lay’s (FLD) aggressively promote its current line of shelf-stable, â€Å"chip dip† products and should not enter the â€Å"vegetable dip† market until a future date. Problem Statement: Should Frito-Lay’s, the sales leader in the shelf-stable dip category, take an aggressive approach promoting its â€Å"chip dips†, or pursue the vegetable dip category? Facts: Market Conditions: FLD’s 1985 market share was 32.7% with sales of $135 million in that year. TotalRead MoreCracker Jack/Frito Lay Case Analysis1608 Words   |  7 Pages Frito Lay Company – Cracker Jack Case Analysis Carl James MBA:Marketing Strategy September 19, 2014 Frito Lay Company- Cracker Jack Case Analysis Case Recap Frito Lay, a division of PepsiCo Inc, has just purchased the Cracker Jack brand from Borden Inc. The company is a worldwide leader in the manufacturing and marketing of snacks, with products such as Ruffles Potato Chips, Fritos Corn Chips and Doritos found among its product mix. These well known company brands have seen it capture overRead MoreFrito-Lay/Cracker Jacks Case Analysis2325 Words   |  10 PagesOrganizational Culture and Globalization Stanley Brett Yunker Davenport University MGMT 735 Professor Andrew Makar October 18th, 2010 Case Recap Superior Supermarkets (SS) is a division of Hall Consolidated, a privately owned wholesale and retail food distributor. SS is the smallest of three chains which caters to the South Central United States and is ranked either No. 1 or No. 2 in each of its markets. SS has been considering an ‘Everyday Low Prices’ strategy for many yearsRead MoreEssay on Frito Lay - Cracker Jack Case Analysis1561 Words   |  7 PagesFrito-Lay Company - Cracker Jack 1. Why has Borden Foods decided to sell Cracker Jack? Borden Foods is in the process of divesting of snack and non-food products in order to focus efforts and resources in growing their pasta and grain based meal segments. Borden management has also recognized the value and equity in the heritage Cracker Jack brand. The Cracker Jack brand currently (1996) sits in the number two position in terms of Ready-To-Eat (RTE) caramel popcorn product category market shareRead MoreCracker Jack Case Analysis940 Words   |  4 PagesCase Recap The primary reason for the Borden Foods to divert itself from snacks is to emphasis its efforts and resources in the growth of their whole-wheat meal segments. Because of this valuation they had and a growth plan they had they decided to announce sale of Cracker Jack in 1997. The management team of Broaden also recognized that with the increase in competition they have not been able to successfully grow the sales figure in past five years. Also because the Cracker Jack brand has variousRead MoreMarketing and Dip1518 Words   |  7 PagesPurpose and Overview 3 Analysis of Our Past and Current Situations 3 External Opportunities We Could Exploit 4 External Threats That May Impeded Success 4 Internal Strengths on Which to Capitalize 5 Internal Weaknesses to Overcome 6 Assumptions on Which the Strategies are Based 6 Marketing Strategies That Emerge from the SWOT 7 Summary and Request for Action 7 References 9 Case Analysis of Frito-Lay Company Purpose and Overview Frito-Lay s net sales of over 8Read MoreAn Analysis of Several PepsiCo Brands Using a Boston Consulting Group Matrix1248 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Analysis of Several PepsiCo Brand Using a Boston Consulting Group Matrix Introduction The Boston Consulting Group matrix, also known as the BCG Matrix, divides brands and products into different categories based on their market performance. The matrix looks at two dimensions: growth rate of the industry and market share. The aim of the matrix is to aid with strategic decision making, allowing firms to identify and invest in products that create, or have the potential to create, the best returnsRead More460 Syllabus KWONG Winter 11 121220855 Words   |  4 PagesAND ECONOMICS MGMT 460: CASE STUDIES IN OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Winter 2011, SHC C368 Instructor: Kern Kwong, Ph.D. Office: Simpson Tower 805 College of Business and Economics California State University, Los Angeles Office Hours: Tuesday: 2:00-6:00 p.m. Email: kkwong2@calstatela.edu Website: http://instructional1.calstatela.edu/kkwong2/Mgmt460 Office Telephone: 323-343-2899 [Use email if you need a reply quickly.] Course Description Management 460 is a case studies course in the management

Esr Class Presentation †Week V Free Essays

ESR Class Presentation – Week V ( September 12 13 2011) 1. Cases for Discussion (David J. Fritzsche): * It’s Your Turn (page 109) * Kader Industrial (Thailand) Company- Case 10 (page 182) * Muebles Fino Buenos- Case 11 (page 184) 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Esr Class Presentation – Week V or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"It’s Your Turn† – Please answer the question in the last line using the following ethical frameworks: (a) Categorical Imperative; (b) Rule Utilitarian; (c) Veil of Ignorance; and (d) Act Utilitarianism. * Categorical Imperative: If you have a contract with another party, fulfill this contract. No matter what. Especially if the other party is counting on you, because they should go bankrupt. Humanity: Fulfill your contract, moral duty. * Rule Utilitarianism: Follow through with your contract. Don’t abandon people/companies with who you have agreed to help/work with. * Veil of Ignorance: You have limited amount of resources, so you have to make the choice for one of the 2 clients. Keep producing for the old client, but use the rest of your capacity to start producing for the new big one. What if The domestic customer only signs the contract if you can produce everything in the first month. hose for domestic one, 2 happy vs. 1 bad * Act Utilitarianism: More positives vs. best negatives. Ok you make one party really unhappy, but still this is the most good for the most peoples. 3. Case 10: Only Questions 4, 5, 7 8. * 4: Lock the doors, no safety regulations or fire escapes. Cloth close to electrical transformer. No alarms. If you lock doors, make sure that you can open them really fas t at all times. Building disintegrated quickly (poor construction, steel beams) * 7: Business aimed, only profit matters†¦. Don’t look at the people as humans, but use them as machines. They even asked their workers to keep working while there was a small fire. Maybe even hostile, locking doors etc. * 5: Legal: Board, managers†¦ should have safety regulations. Government, Safety and health organization in Thailand (from government). Moral: * 8: Only sign contract if you know that the working conditions are ok, that there are safety regulations etc. company should at least follow the country regulations for safety codes, building rules etc. , if you ask more of the company, they won’t be able to give you the cheap labor. ut point in the middle Class†¦ where would you put the line, what are the moral/social obligations for the customers before signing any contracts? 4. Case 11: Only Questions 3, 4, 6, and 7. * 3: They didn’t follow all the environmental rules of the state. Unhealthy for the employees to work there. Just switching countries because they didn’t want to invest in the machines/other processing methods and to evade the fines. So fire a lot of people to get new employees at 1/8 of the costs. Is this even outsourcing? Or really moving your whole company somewhere else. * 4: Pollution vs. working conditions. A lot of pollution vs. good paid jobs. As long as there are good safety regulations and compensations for health. * 6: Egoism view: YES 😉 because you make more profits and you don’t care about the pollution. But†¦ you pay your employees less than in California, so you can invest a bit more in environmental issues. Deontology (don’t do to anybody else what you don’t want them to do to you): Stay in America and fix your pollution problems, because you don’t want to get fined and you don’t want your employees to get ill. * 7: Make sure they follow the standards and make sure that you have quit high environmental standards. But a lot of corruption in Mexico so make sure the companies follow your standards by controlling them yourself. Because a lot of American companies will go to Mexico (because of rising environmental standards in US) build some parks and green zones to help the people who live there to be able to live healthy, outside all the pollution. 5. Assume that stung by charges re the happenings of Foxcon in China, Apple Inc. has asked you to draft a memo on the subject of an ISO standard to be applied to high-tech contract manufacturers of high-end electronic items. Restrict yourself to 6 standards and explain your choice. 6. The Medical Council of Singapore has asked you to draft 3 ethics principles relating to the outsourcing of medical work to India. Please identify what, in your opinion, are the three most important principles and explain the purpose behind your choice and the specific content of such principles. Firms Find a Haven From U. S. Environmental Rules : Commerce: Hundreds of companies set up shop in Mexico, where regulation is less strict and wages are low. THE FREE-TRADE DILEMMA: The environmental costs of a U. S. Mexico pact. Third in a four-part series. Next: How will free trade affect El Paso’s smoggy skies? November 19, 1991|JUDY PASTERNAK  |  TIMES STAFF WRITER â€Å"We are rewriting history here. It was only recently that anyone here started to care about the environment. It will take time. † The backlog troubles EPA officials who deal regularly with SEDUE. Said one, who spoke on the condition of anonymity : â€Å"This is a situation where the economic activity has gotten way ahead of the regulatory activity. † * http://articles. latimes. com/1991-11-19/news/mn-70_1_environmental-rules/4 How to cite Esr Class Presentation – Week V, Essay examples

Kfc in China free essay sample

Entry Strategies Final Paper Kentucky Fried Chicken’s Market Entry in China Company Background KFC, the largest fried chicken chain and the second largest restaurant chain in the world, currently has more than 17,000 outlets in 115 countries worldwide. The chain primarily sells fried chicken pieces, chicken related products such as sandwiches and wraps, and other side dishes such as fries, desserts and soft drinks. KFC’s fried chicken pieces and related products are made with special ingredients and the exact composition of these ingredients is an unknown secret and also a key of KFC’s special flavor. KFC was founded by Harland Sanders in 1930. Sanders was one of the first few who applied restaurant franchising concept into restaurants management. The first KFC franchise was opened in Utah in the early 1950s. KFC grew rapidly and Sanders found that the rapid growth made it difficult to manage. Thus, he sold the company to a group of investors in 1964 for MM. Company’s Control Measures (Strength) KFC s control mechanisms are designed to ensure standard levels of quality, service and cleanliness (QSC) at all of the restaurant’s chain stores. This fits the positive image in Asia of American fast food restaurants as famous, air-conditioned, and hygienic. Product Consumption (Strength) Chicken has long been regarded as a kind of nutritious food, which is especially good for the patients, the elders and children. An increase in health conscious consumers also raises the consumption of chicken. Moreover, chicken is a more popular meal than hamburgers in most Asian countries and KFC has the opportunity to offer an American style experience that is different from most other food establishments. Drawing Area (Opportunity) In late 1978, China began implementing economic reforms to modernize its economy by lessening the government’s control of the economy. This reform referred as a socialist market economy boosted the national wealth and the consequent increase in individual’s income has led to steady changes in Chinese consumer patterns prevalent in pre-Mao era. As the world’s most populous nation with over 1 billion inhabitants, the potential size and growth for KFC makes the Chinese market very attractive. Not to mention, the possibility of establishing the first Western style fast-food operation in China as a historic opportunity for the company. Scarce Human Resources (Weakness) Managerial resources are precious because of the scarcity of Chinese-speaking KFC managers. There are also possible conflicts between KFC-appointed managers and local employees. Lack of Local connections (Weakness) Pioneering in the fast-food field would find KFC very difficult to form local and personal networks between businesses and government agencies, which are crucial in providing access to the local market and domestic suppliers and eventually, to the company’s success. Entering into a relatively unknown market, KFC, as a new entrant will have to get in touch with the local business customs and laws as well as with knowledge of culture and language. Quality of Government (Threat) A communist government with strict foreign investment laws rules China. Setting up here requires heavy investment expenses and high levels of resource commitment. The risk of domestication measures may be imposed by the host government, often leading to major financial losses for the foreign investor. Overcoming Threats and Weaknesses KFC has three options of entering the China market thru, namely: Franchising, Wholly owned subsidiary and Joint venture. The traditional franchising strategy, in markets where political risk and cultural unfamiliarity exists, certainly would reduce financial risks. However, KFC had already encountered problems in the past with the aligning of corporate planning with the franchisee’s short-term focus on profitability. In addition, KFC will be pioneering in the fast-food service and thus needs to be highly sensitive to cultural demands. In such case, franchising is not feasible. On the other hand, a wholly owned subsidiary would rely upon total control over competitive advantages and ensures complete operational and strategic control. It also involves high financial risk and little country-level flexibility and responsiveness. This option is not recommended. Entering into a joint venture is highly recommended. Such an international business strategy will attempt to solve many logistics problems such as access to good quality chicken and other supplies, ease the access to Chinese market, share risk with a local entity, utilize ways to cut bureaucratic red-tape and finally, serve as a sign of commitment to the host government increasing goodwill. In addition, due to the complexity of many barriers to entry into China, a potential partner with sufficient contacts or networks with the government officials may smoothen the process of setting-up operations in the country. The potential joint-venture partner should be large, well established, provide excellent distribution channels and have personal network access to government officials. It is recommended that a partner be found by backward integration- that is, a good domestic supplier of poultry. In order to ensure total commitment, the set-up of the joint venture should be with KFC as the dominant partner. This way, cost, quality and strategic control measures are maintained. By building on each partners core competencies, knowledge, and efficiencies, a mutually beneficial synergy effect could be achieved as a result of joint venture activities. For instance, the local partner can learn from KFC how to produce a better product at a lower cost and further expand on its new competitive positioning. KFC, on the other hand, can maintain quality supply, which is critical to its success. RECOMMENDATION: The Chinese market represents a great opportunity for KFC where Tony Wang is correct in his assumptions. By finding an appropriate domestic business partner via backward integration, it is possible to further build on opportunities and significantly reduce risk throughout financial sharing, cultural sensitivity and favorable treatment from the host government. KFC should start pursuing this strategy at the present time and develop a coherent international strategy linking the China operations with the other markets. Which of the three cities being investigated should the company choose if it decides to enter China? The capital city, Beijing, is recommended as the preferred location for KFC’s entry into the Chinese market. Beijing is the center for most political activities and provides the necessary access to government agencies and business regulatory bodies. Also, it has a large population of nearly 9 million inhabitants. The numerous universities located in the city contributes to more affluent and educated people that may make them more open to foreign ideas including Western fast-food. More importantly, plenty of Western tourists are attracted to Beijing’s many tourist attractions, increasing the potential for generating foreign currency sales. Furthermore, supplies of poultry are readily available. Beijing can serve as the initial platform of KFC’s operations and later expand into other potential areas such as Shanghai and Guangzhou. One or two initial outlets should be set-up to get an insight of how KFC will be perceived in the Chinese capital. Both dine-in and take-out facilities much in line with most KFC’s international operations ought to be offered in large, clean and well-serviced outlets to cater for the customers with above-average disposable incomes. In order to serve large numbers of customers due to the sheer size of the population, the right cultural fit of the business restaurants must be highly functional and effective. Special menu-substitutions may also have to be facilitated to cater to consumers taste for traditional Chinese meals. Lessons Learned Capitalizing on Strengths and Opportunities In the initial period of KFC’s entry into China market, few of Chinese onsumers were really impressed with the food itself since the country is known to have the best culinary culture in the world. Instead, they were more fascinated with the eating experience: the encounter with friendly employees, quick service, spotless floors climate-controlled and brightly-lit dining areas, and smiling Colonel Sanders standing in front of the main gate. Having experienced the initial surprises brought by a never-seen western lifestyle, Chinese consumers have gradually calmed down and their consumption attitudes towards foreign products are getting more reasonable. Since Chinese people are more concerned with the nutrition and tastes of the fast food, KFC taken advantage of McDonald’s. By offering poultry food that is more acceptable to Chinese people compared with beef, have taken consumers needs and competition with other brands into account. Knowing the market The most prominent success of KFC in China is not only the outcome of KFC’s persistent tenets â€Å"quality, service and cleanliness† but also the achievements of its keen perception of cross-cultural marketing and its understanding of Chinese culture. Based on its scrutiny and adoption of Chinese traditional culinary arts, KFC has developed a series of products that are specially designed for the tastes of Chinese consumers. Moreover, in purpose of maintaining its image of a U. S. brand and keeping consistent with its globalization strategy, most of KFC s Chinese side dishes are defined as short-term products and would be replaced by new products. KFC’s product strategies are categorized into two aspects: 1)To meet consumers desire for novelty by introducing western style products like Mexican Chicken Warp and New Orleans Barbeque Wings. This means can satisfy young consumers who are more open and acceptable to the foreign flavors. 2)To cater to consumers taste for traditional Chinese meal by offering Chinese style fast food from time to time, say, Old Beijing Chicken Roll, a wrap modeled after the way Peking duck is served, but with fried chicken inside and accompanied with green onions and hoi sin sauce, and Sichuan Spicy Chicken which absorbs the spicy flavor of Sichuan dish. This measure can attract older consumers who are fond of Chinese food and in need of the convenience of fast food service as well.

Marijuana Effects Essays (396 words) - Cannabis Smoking, Entheogens

Marijuana Effects Filip Kucera 5/7/01 Marijuana Smoking a joint, Lighting a bowl, cuttin a blunt. These are all terms that are reffered to when someone is smoking Marijuana. Marijuana is becoming more mainstream every year. There are even some attempts to legalize it. But there still remains the fact that it has effects on different parts of the body when it is being smoked. There are three most known effects one is the effect of THC, the mental effects as well as the tar that it releases into your lungs. The chemical THC is a stimulant so it what it basiclly does it is it relaxs.Usually the mental and behavioral effects of marijuana consist of a sense of well-being (often termed euphoria or a high), feelings of relaxation, altered perception of time and distance, intensified sensory experiences, laughter, talkativeness, and increased sociability when taken in a social setting. Impaired memory for recent events, difficulty concentrating, dreamlike states, impaired motor coordination, impaired driving and other psychomotor skills, slowed reaction time, impaired goal-directed mental activity, and altered peripheral vision are common associated effects With repeated exposure, varying degrees of tolerance rapidly develops to many subjective and physiologic effects. Thus, intensity of acute effects is determined not only by THC dose but also by past experience, setting, expectations, and poorly understood individual differences in sensitivity Mental effects are a very large part of why marijuana is banned today. Large smoked or oral marijuana doses or even ordinary doses taken by a sensitive, inexperienced, or predisposed person can produce transient anxiety, panic, feelings of depression and other dysphoric mood changes, depersonalization, bizarre behaviors, delusions, illusions, or hallucinations Depending on the mix of symptoms and behaviors, the state has been termed an acute panic reaction, toxic delirium, acute paranoid state, or acute mania. The unpleasant effects are usually of sudden onset, during or shortly after smoking, or appear more gradually an hour or two after an oral dose, usually last a few hours, less often a few days, and completely clear without any specific treatment other than reassurance and a supportive environment. A subsequent marijuana dose, particularly a lower one, may be well tolerated. In a large survey of regular marijuana users, 17 percent of young adult respondents reported experiencing at least one of the preceding symptoms during at least one occasion of marijuana use, usually early in their use. Psychology

Zynga’s Revenue Recognition Dilemma Essays

Zynga’s Revenue Recognition Dilemma Essays Zynga’s Revenue Recognition Dilemma Essay Zynga’s Revenue Recognition Dilemma Essay http://accrualperspective. wordpress. com/2012/10/10/zyngas-revenue-recognition-dilemma/ Zynga’s Revenue Recognition Dilemma Leave a reply Zynga’s Revenue Recognition Dilemma Zynga has been the focus of a highly disputed topic on bookings and revenues as of late. Unfortunately for the online gaming company, many accountants and financial analysts are not in Zynga’s favor on the way that the company has been recognizing revenues. To put the company in perspective, there are 26 million digital farmers via the vastly rampant FarmVille application run by Zynga. In the popular game, Facebook users build farms to produce crops and create the kind of productivity that they desire. This creates the need for virtual, heavy equipment, such as tractors, seeders and harvesters, all which can be bought with FarmVille Currency. Zynga makes money by allowing users to hurry the process by converting real dollars from their credit cards into the virtual currency necessary to get the equipment they need to get the job done. Like FarmVille, Zynga has users across a variety of applications such as CityVille, Words with Friends, and Mafia Wars, all of which using the same models. This type of unique revenue however provokes a unique question; that is, how is Zynga supposed to report revenues from these products that they’ve offered? According to the company’s 10-k report, it’s policies on reporting states that: * â€Å"For the sale of consumable virtual goods, we recognize revenue as the goods are consumed† * â€Å"We recognize revenue from the sale of durable virtual goods ratably over the estimated average playing period of paying players for the applicable game, which represents our best estimate of the average life of our durable virtual goods† And perhaps the most important: â€Å"If we do not have the ability to differentiate revenue attributable to durable virtual goods from consumable virtual goods for a specific game, we recognize revenue from the sale of durable and consumable virtual goods for that game ratably over the estimated average period that paying players typically play our games† This type of fina ncial reporting is simply too confusing and leaves the door open for too much alteration within the reports. Also, this type of unpredictable reporting technique allows the company to skew bottom-line profits and maneuver their earnings to reflect an untrue valuation of the company’s worth. These types of manipulations are especially alarming to users of the financials who are looking to invest in a company that appears to be growing, when in reality it is altering production numbers with every consecutive quarter. In regards to the revenue recognition dispute, the way their accountants estimate average periods that paying players actually play the Zynga games must be validated. In a recent article by Bloomberg’s Cory Johnson, he notes that Zynga has made changes to these estimates five of the last six quarters. These changes made drastically effect the net profits that Zynga is reporting to the public. By taking the estimate and distorting it, they are able to report profits when indeed there are none. It is curious that the auditor assigned to Zynga, Ernst Young, has allowed this method of accounting to be implemented when clearly it is affecting the bottom line. It is also curious that EY is also the auditor for the Zynga’s distributor, Facebook whose Zynga profits have accounted for roughly 12% of its revenue. This â€Å"independence† (or lack there of) calls into question the true authenticity behind these reporting standards and what they mean to the accounting profession as well as financial statement users world-wide. At any rate, this is a topic that needs to be brought to light, discussed and ruled upon. Zynga cannot merely go on reporting as they wish to provoke the appearance of a success while the true profits and losses go unnoticed. http://blogs. smeal. psu. edu/grumpyoldaccountants/archives/746#more-746 http://articles. businessinsider. com/2011-10-12/research/30269486_1_zynga-virtual-goods-bookings forbes. com/sites/francinemckenna/2012/04/23/how-zynga-facebook-and-groupons-go-to-auditor-rewrites-accounting-rules/

Biography of Gilda Radner, American Comedienne and Actress

Biography of Gilda Radner, American Comedienne and Actress Gilda Radner (June 28, 1946 – May 20, 1989) was an American comedienne  and actress known for her satirical characters on Saturday Night Live. She died of ovarian cancer at the age of 42, and was survived by her husband, actor Gene Wilder. Early Years Gilda Susan Radner was born on June 28, 1946 in Detroit, Michigan. She was the second child born to Herman Radner and Henrietta Dworkin. Gildas father Herman was a successful businessman, and Gilda and her brother Michael enjoyed a childhood of privilege. The Radners employed a nanny, Elizabeth Clementine Gillies, to help raise their children. Gilda was particularly close to Dibby, and her childhood memories of her hard of hearing nanny would later inspire her to create the character Emily Litella on Saturday Night Live. Gildas father ran the Seville Hotel in Detroit, and served a clientele that included musicians and actors who came to the city to perform. Herman Radner took young Gilda to see musicals and shows, and had a fondness for silly jokes that she shared. Her happy childhood was shattered in 1958, when her father was diagnosed with a brain tumor and subsequently suffered a stroke. Herman languished for two years before dying of cancer in 1960, when Gilda was just 14 years old. As a child, Gilda dealt with stress by eating. Her mother, Henrietta, took 10-year-old Gilda to a doctor who prescribed her diet pills. Gilda would continue a pattern of gaining and losing weight into adulthood, and years later, would recount her battle with an eating disorder in her autobiography, Its Always Something. Education Gilda attended the Hampton Elementary School through the fourth grade, at least when she was in Detroit. Her mother didnt care for Michigan winters, and each November she would take Gilda and Michael to Florida until the spring. In her autobiography, Gilda recalled how this annual routine made it difficult for her to establish friendships with other children. In fifth grade, she transferred to the prestigious Liggett School, which was then an all-girls school. She was active in the schools drama club, appearing in many plays throughout middle and high school. In her senior year, she served as the Class of 1964 vice president, and performed in the play The Mouse That Roared. After graduating high school, Gilda enrolled at the University of Michigan, where she majored in drama. She dropped out before earning her degree, however, and moved to Toronto with her sculptor boyfriend, Jeffrey Rubinoff. Career Gilda Radners first professional acting role was in the Toronto production of Godspell in 1972. The company included several future stars who would remain her lifelong friends: Paul Shaffer, Martin Short, and Eugene Levy. While in Toronto, she also joined the famed Second City improvisational troupe, where she performed with Dan Aykroyd and John Belushi and established herself as a bona fide force in comedy. Radner moved to New York City in 1973 to work on The National Lampoon Radio Hour, a short-lived but influential weekly show. Though the show only lasted 13 months, National Lampoon brought together writers and performers who would push the boundaries of comedy for decades to come: Gilda, John Belushi, Bill Murray, Chevy Chase, Christopher Guest, and Richard Belzer, to name a few. In 1975, Gilda Radner was the first performer cast for the inaugural season of Saturday Night Live. As one of the Not Ready for Prime Time Players, Gilda wrote and performed in sketches with Jane Curtin, Laraine Newman, Garrett Morris, John Belushi, Chevy Chase, and Dan Aykroyd. She was nominated twice for an Emmy as a Supporting Actress on SNL, and won the honor in 1978. During her tenure from 1975 to 1980, Gilda created some of SNLs most memorable characters. She parodied Barbara Walters with her recurring Baba Wawa character, a tv journalist with a speech impediment. She based another of her most beloved characters on a local New York news anchor named Rose Ann Scamardella. Roseanne Roseannadanna was a consumer affairs reporter who couldnt stay on topic in the early Weekend Update segments. As punk rocker Candy Slice, Radner channelled  Patti Smith. With Bill Murray, Gilda did a series of sketches featuring The Nerds, Lisa Loopner and Todd DiLaMuca. Gildas characters were so well received, she took them to Broadway. Gilda Radner – Live from New York opened at the Winter Garden Theater on August 2, 1979, and ran for 51 performances. Besides Gilda, the cast included Don Novello (as Father Guido Sarducci), Paul Shaffer, Nils Nichols, and the Candy Slice Group. After her Broadway debut, Gilda Radner landed roles in several movies, including First Family with Bob Newhart and Movers and Shakers with Walter Matthau. She also appeared in three films with husband Gene Wilder: Hanky Panky,  The Woman in Red, and Haunted Honeymoon. Personal Life Gilda met her first husband, George Edward G. E. Smith, when he was hired as a guitarist for her Broadway show Gilda Live in 1979. They married in early 1980. Gilda was still married to G. E. when she landed a role in a new Gene Wilder movie, Hanky Panky, that began filming in 1981. Already unhappy in her marriage to G. E. Smith, Gilda pursued a relationship with Wilder. Radner and Smith divorced in 1982. The relationship between Gilda and Gene Wilder was rocky at first. In an interview years later, Wilder said he found Gilda needy and demanding of his attention at first, so much so that they broke up for a time. They soon reconciled, however, and on September 18, 1984 1984, Gilda and Gene married while on vacation in France. Cancer Gildas happy ever after with Gene wouldnt last long, sadly. On October 21, 1986, she was diagnosed with stage four ovarian cancer. While filming Haunted Honeymoon the year before, Gilda couldnt understand why she  constantly felt fatigued and rundown. She finally went to her internist for a physical exam, but the lab tests only showed a possibility of Epstein-Barr virus. The doctor reassured her that her symptoms were likely stress-induced, and not serious. When she started running a low grade fever, she was instructed to take acetaminophen. Gildas symptoms continued to worsen as time passed. She developed stomach and pelvic cramps that kept her in bed for days. Her gynecologist didnt find any cause for concern and referred her to a gastroenterologist. Every test came back normal, despite Gildas deteriorating health. By the summer of 1986, she was experiencing excruciating pain in her thighs and had lost a startling amount of weight, with no obvious cause. Finally, in October 1986, Gilda was admitted to a hospital in Los Angeles to undergo extensive testing. A CAT scan revealed a grapefruit-sized tumor in her abdomen. She underwent surgery to remove the tumor and had a complete hysterectomy, and immediately started a long course of chemotherapy. Doctors assured her that her prognosis was good. In June of the following year, Gilda had completed the prescribed chemotherapy, and her doctor scheduled an exploratory surgery to make sure all signs of the cancer were gone. She was devastated to learn that it wasnt, and more chemotherapy was required. Over the next two years, Gilda endured treatments, tests, and surgeries that would ultimately fail to eradicate the cancer. Gilda Radner died on May 20, 1989 at Cedars-Sinae Medical Center in Los Angeles, at the age of 42. After Gildas death, Gene Wilder joined two of her friends, cancer psychotherapist Joanna Bull and broadcaster Joel Siegel, to found a network of cancer support centers. Gildas Clubs, as the centers are known, help patients living with cancer by providing emotional and social support as they go through treatment. Sources â€Å"Gilda Radner.†Ã‚  Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 28 Apr. 2017, www.biography.com/people/gilda-radner-9450459.â€Å"Gilda Radner (1946-1989) - Find A Grave Memorial.†Ã‚  (1946-1989) - Find A Grave Memorial, www.findagrave.com/memorial/848/gilda-radner.â€Å"Gilda Radner - Live from New York Broadway Winter Garden Theatre - Tickets and Discounts.†Ã‚  Playbill, www.playbill.com/production/gilda-radner-live-from-new-york-winter-garden-theatre-vault-0000011534.Hevesi, Dennis. â€Å"Gilda Radner, 42, Comic Original Of Saturday Night Live Zaniness.†Ã‚  The New York Times, The New York Times, 20 May 1989, www.nytimes.com/1989/05/21/obituaries/gilda-radner-42-comic-original-of-saturday-night-live-zaniness.html.Johnson, Hillary. â€Å"Goodbye, Gilda Radner.†Ã‚  Rolling Stone, Rolling Stone, 13 July 1989, www.rollingstone.com/culture/features/gilda-19890713.Karras, Steve. â€Å"Gilda Radner Remembered.†Ã‚  The Huffington Post, TheHuffingt onPost.com, 6 Jan. 2013, www.huffingtonpost.com/steve-karras/gilda-radner-club_b_2366303.html. Radner, Gilda.  Its Always Something.  Simon and Schuster, 1989.Saltman, David.  Gilda: an intimate portrait. Contemporary Books, 1992.

Literature review of manufacturing consent the political economy of Essay

Literature review of manufacturing consent the political economy of the mass media - Essay Example They state that the way in which the media reports news is normally not the most objective since it works towards the protection of the interests of those individuals with influence within the society and completely ignores those of the masses. As a result, there has developed a situation where the news which the mass media produces for public consumption is no longer necessarily in the interests of the public since it is often distorted to serve the interests of a few individuals. The news is no longer as accurate as it should be because of the fact that there is always a bias towards those who have a massive influence on the media outlets, making the latter to be ineffective in their obligations towards the public. It is mainly these issues among many others that are discussed in the book and this makes the book a very important read for those who are interested in how mass media works. Among the most fundamental issues of concern that are discussed in the book is concerning the growing size of media empires as well as their orientation to profit making (Herman & Chomsky, 1988). The principal mass media channels are large companies which are run for profit and because of this; their actions have been aimed at the realization of profits and nothing more. These institutions have been designed to cater to the financial interest of their owners, most of who have massive corporate interest, or are involved in the development of their own personal interests (Buehler, 2011). The size of media companies can be considered an indispensable product of the capital requirements for the technology to reach a massive audience, since it is through the latter that they can be able to set their agenda to the public. The global integration of media ownership is a serious issue that is tackled in the book and it can be concluded that the global integration of mass media leads to less freedom

Personal project and Scoop management plan for my personal project Assignment

Personal project and Scoop management plan for my personal project - Assignment Example I would like to urge the management of the company to consider investing in Dream Chaserâ„ ¢ Vehicle. It is a new project that if adequately supported, will make the company to go a step further. I propose that a lot of funds should be allocated so as to enable me and my team to conduct a thorough research so as to ensure that the new brand of vehicle will be the best one in the market. If it is equipped with all the necessary features, it will become so comfortable to the users. For this reason, they will do all that they can to purchase it. By this, the company will not only rebuild its reputation, but increase its revenues. This demonstrates that even if the project has been created by me, it will not succeed if not supported by others. In order for the Dream Chaserâ„ ¢ Vehicle project to be a success, well-thought feasible and manageable plan need to implement. This plan will include strategies that can enable the project to achieve its objectives. First, I would like to suggest that the project should be executed by a team of professionals. In order to cope up with the stiff competition in this field, Sierra Nevada Corporation needs to come up with novel ideas. Meaning, it should incorporate the input of well trained professionals to carry out all the activities. The other strategy to be adopted is the production of high quality products. As already hinted, the auto industry has become so competitive. So, for the company to succeed in this project, it needs to manufacture exceptionally high quality vehicle that will appeal to the target clients and win their confidence. Besides, producing high quality vehicles will help in making the company to stand as outstanding manufacturer in the midst of others. Lastly, I would like to suggest that the project should be given enough time, finances and resources. As a new product, the company should be ready to incur all the expenses it requires. Apart from allocating

Morality and Money Essay Example for Free

Morality and Money Essay No doubt, Money is an essential, almost indispensable article in the present day world. It is the’ money’ through which we can purchase all the necessary comforts and amenities of life. If you have money, you can obtain what seems impossible to others. It is the money which gives man, confidence, creditworthiness, credentials, capacity, capabilities and courage. In present day materialistic world, money has become very powerful. In the present day corruption, cut throat competition, callous degradation of moral and ethical values, are for the sake of grabbing and accumulating more and more money. The prestige, respect, social status, commanded by a person is calculated per his monetary status. Time has gone, when we valued a person in evaluated of his moral and ethical values. People were earlier known for keeping their words, for donating every thing to a donee. Now people are know in terms of their ranking in the list of rich of the world. Money has become the centre of all activities. Money and muscle power have become essential ingredients of a successful political leader. Money is regarded as omnipotent by a few people, particularly by the poor. As whatever one does not possess, one aspires it badly, and it becomes mono aim of achievement. For the rich, that owe lots of money, still craving to earn more and more, by hook or by crook, with fair or foul means, without caring even for their own health, own family. They are the servants of money, earning money not for the sake of themselves but for the sake of money and a time comes they find themselves unable to use the money for their happiness. They are unable to eat, unable to taste the most delicious dish, unable to move, walk or enjoy because they suffer from many diseases which are the result of their undue craving for wealth at the cost of health. Can one purchase anything with the power of money? No, one cannot. You cannot purchase inner satisfaction with money, you cannot purchase the lost youthfulness with money, you cannot purchase time from the death at any cost. Those who earn money simply to a have more money, more balance in their accounts are no better than the proverbial miser king ‘Midas’. Excessive love for money, make a man slave of money. Money is important for our life, but it is not the most important thing for a human being. Those who use money for fulfilling their necessities, acquiring reasonable comforts and for the welfare of a common good, are the masters of money. But those who earn money just for the sake of increasing its volume and number are slaves of the money. They are the most unfortunate creatures of God who know well that whatever money they are earning, can’t be taken an iota of that when they die even they are minting more and more money. What a paradox Money has become their master and they are just slaves, having no peace of mind, no moral and ethical values, no inner satisfaction. So it is rightly said that money is a good servant but a bad master. Let us use the money for our comfort, not for the sake of money, minting more and more money.

The Pearle :: Free Essay Writer

The Pearle In The Pearl, by John Steinbeck, evil transforms certain humble citizens into envious savages. Evil was exhibited by the doctor who refused to treat Coyotito because his parents had no money. When the doctor heard of Kino and Juana's fortune in finding "the pearl of the world" (722), he boasted that they were patients of his while thinking of a better life for himself in Paris. Coyotito was healed when the doctor finally came to their straw hut. He deceived Kino by giving the baby a white powder that made him go into convulsions. An hour later he came and gave Coyotito the remedy and immediately wanted to know when he was getting paid. The evil in the pearl had reached the heart of the doctor. The pearl's evil did not restrict itself to infecting Kino's peers; it also affected Kino himself. He wanted to sell the pearl and use the money to better his family's standard of living. He had dreams and goals that all depended on the pearl. When Juana wanted to destroy the pearl, Kino beat her unmercifully: He struck her in the face and she fell among the boulders, and he kicked her in the side...He hissed at her like a snake and she stared at him with wide unfrightened eyes, like a sheep before a butcher. (742) Juana saw through the outer beauty of the pearl and knew it would destroy them, but Kino's vision was blurred by the possible prosperity the pearl brought. The malignant evil then spread to a secret cult known only as the trackers. This corrupt band of ruffians attacked and destroyed Kino's life. The very night that the trackers learned of Kino's pearl, they tried to steal it. The next night, Kino was attacked twice, which resulted in Kino committing murder. After the final struggle of the night, Juana went back to their home to find more baneful members of the heartless cult rampaging through their belongings to find the pearl. The end result was Kino and Juana's house going up in flames. The trackers then comm itted the cardinal sin, they destroyed Kino's canoe: This was an evil beyond thinking.

I have a dream speech Essay

â€Å"I Have a Dream† is the name of a speech Martin Luther King, Jr. gave on several year ago while he was on Washington, D. C.. In his speech, he spoke of his wish for a better future. His wish was that people of different races could live together peacefully in America without segregation. He spoke of the discrimination that the black man has faced even though they were supposed to be treated equal when the emancipation proclamation was signed. Martin Luther King made an important quote on Abraham Lincoln where he said: â€Å"Life, liberty and pursuit of happiness†. This was a promise that all men, black and white men, would be guaranteed the â€Å"unalienable Rights†. He wanted to support his idea on what Abraham Lincoln said that all men are equal both white and black men have the same rights. This speech left a legacy of equality of Rights for all men in the United States. Hundred years before Martin Luther King gave his speech black men were not free until Abraham Lincoln signed the emancipation proclamation. Through those hundred years black men weren’t treated as equal as white men. Black men were discriminated in all the United States because of their skin and the amount of racist people back then was significant. King’s speech highly persuasive, he wanted to provoke everybody that heard his speech to have a feeling that segregation and discrimination should be stopped. In my opinion we have achieved King’s dream, today all men have equal rights and there aren’t differences between the races of people and the ability to pursuit happiness. Martin Luther King yearned a world where all the races were treated as one and there weren’t different between people in our country. Martin observed that: â€Å"one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free† and black men were segregated to the slums and ghettos of the northern cities. The people who stood against King had the opinion that only white people deserved to be treated reasonably. Even though, they were few and didn’t have a strong argument to defend their point because there wasn’t one. King inspired the majority of American people, and he brought equality for every race in America.

Bio Sem Mock Research Paper Essay

Abstract: If one was to try to grow corals in order to build up a damaged reef, what would be the most effective, quick way to do it? Coral reefs are always facing hardships from natural and unnatural destructors, causing the percentage of reefs to diminish. Coral reefs have their own, natural, ways of rebuilding but sometimes, things need to be helped along in order to restore the ecosystem. In order for coral to grow, especially in captivity, there must be proper levels of everything. Whether it be, calcium levels, pH levels, or even salt levels, everything has to be perfect, and if there are any imbalances, it could result in devastation to the captive coral population. The results found from the experiment suggest that corals exposed to zooxanthellae with proper nutrition and chemical levels in the water grew the fastest and healthiest. Introduction: Ever since I was little, I was fascinated with everything to do with marine life and I can definitely thank my father for introducing me to the complexities of the underwater world. Corals especially catch my attention because they are not only plants, they are thriving creatures with, what seems to be, minds of their own. The fact that each species have their own specific niches such as being able to collect food by themselves, protect themselves with chemicals, and move on their own is just amazing to me. My interest in coral reefs has led me to want to learn more and maybe someday help protect this staple in underwater ecosystems. My interest in maintaining coral reefs has led me to the question, how does one cultivate corals and/or restore damaged corals in a closed environment to the point of being grown and healthy enough be placed back into the ocean in the fastest amount of time possible? Materials and Methods: Pioneer corals were used in the experiment because when restoring a coral reef, pioneer corals must come first in order to create a basis for the other corals to grow off of. Different aquariums housed the coral, each with different variations of the chemicals needed. There was a constant variable aquarium that contained water most similar to that of the ocean’s and the others had variations such as higher or lower pH levels, added nutrients, and different amounts of sunlight. Results: Discussion: It was found that one of the important factors of a healthy developing coral is the harboring of a photosynthetic dinoflagellate called zooxanthellae. This develops a lining in the coral’s cells that helps produce much of it’s carbon energy needs. Acknowledgements: Literature Cited: Jaap. Coral reef restoration. Florida Marine Research Institute and Lithophyte Research. Ecological engineering 15 345-364. Elsevier. 10 March 2000.

Octavia E. Butler. Parable of the Sower Essay Essays

Octavia E. Butler. Parable of the Sower Essay Essays Octavia E. Butler. Parable of the Sower Essay Paper Octavia E. Butler. Parable of the Sower Essay Paper Essay Topic: Parable Of the Sower Octavia E. Butler. Parable of the Sower Introduction The novel. fable of the sower was authored by Octavia E. Butler. The novel was published in 1993. It is the first book in a two-book series of scientific discipline and fiction books written by Octavia E. Butler which is set in a chance where the authorities has collapsed. The novel is centered on Lauren Olamina a immature adult female who has the ability to experience and comprehend hurting and many other esthesiss of others. She develops a benevolent spiritual and philosophical faith in her childhood in the staying parts of a gated community in Los Angeles ( the author has dubbed this hyperempathy ) . During that clip. there is increased resource scarceness and high degrees of poorness which has led the civil society to return to relative anarchism. Equally shortly as the community’s security is compromised. her place is tattered and her household is murdered. After the incidence that led to loss of her parents. Lauren Olamina travels to North together with other subsisters to travel and seek to get down a new community where her faith- Earthseed can turn and boom. The fresh describes the conditions the society is traveling through in the metropolis of California in 2024. The metropolis has turned to hell and this has led to creative activity of three categories of people who are stat mis apart financially and in their social position. i. e. the hapless. the in-between category and the rich. The poorness and insecurity degrees non merely in California but besides in the whole of America are really high with different politicians giving empty promises on how they will relieve the state of affairs. Against such unpleasant background. Butler presents her intelligent heroine. Lauren who is believed to be thoughtful and independent miss who apart from believing about herself she suffers from what the author footings as â€Å"hyperempathy syndrome†- She is extremely sensitive to the torment of others. experiencing it as if it were her ain. It is this feeling that keeps coercing her to alter non merely the belief system but besides economically change the society and deliver her people from the torment they are traveling through. Lauren does non admit the belief system of her seniors but make an attempt to get down her ain system that is true harmonizing to her experience and that is accorded with common sense and observation. From the novel we get to cognize that Lauren acquired the â€Å"hyperempathy syndrome. † from her dependent female parent who died while giving birth to her. There is no freedom in Laurent’s society. At the oncoming of the novel. we find Lauren. her household and other households that live within the walled vicinity life as practical captives. Any clip they want to travel outside they must be armed. They live under eternal besieging ensuing from drug nuts and stealers who aimlessly wander the streets outside. These drug nuts are despairing and many a times they break into their vicinity. burn. bargain and rummage whatever they can. In Laurent’s society. there are is no potencies for the immature that are within the walls-they will go on to acquire hapless due to miss of occupations and their lives continue to decline easy. For illustration what Bianca Montoya-seventeen twelvemonth old expects when she marries is to populate in a garage-like house. The national authorities is incapacitated to better the status. The exclusive option for Laurent’s people is traveling to urban of Olivar’s company. But for the people who consider this option. they do so for the interest of their security and non for freedom grounds since the company will presume duty of each portion of their lives- Lauren refuses to travel to Olivar. She alternatively journeys to the North for freedom despite the fact that she is cognizant of the danger of thejourneyand she does non clearly know her end point. Most of those people that travel with her are making so as to get away practical bondage. For illustration Zahra Moss escaped frequent battle from her hubby. Allie Gilchrist and Jill were get awaying bondage from their male parent who had forced them to harlotry and Jill and Allie Gilchrist was running from her employer who is enslaving her due to her debtr. Laurent’s reaching at Bankole’s belongings gives her to take on of whether to remain at that place or non. Though endurance in this new topographic point is disputing. they have the privilege of liberating from outside subjugation unlike their opposite numbers who sojourned to Olivar. ( Butler 204 ) . From the novel. the writer tries to indicate out the subject of Self-reliance. For case. even when Laurent is immature of age ( at the age of 15 old ages ) she already has the cognition of the province of her community-that it is doomed and that no 1 is ready to present it from the convulsion. This encourages her to populate a autonomous life and non to depend on any external authorization to assist her such as the constabulary who are really corrupt-the regulation of jurisprudence in the community has broken down. This besides encourages her to read everything that would assist her cognize how to go on to be when the clip is mature for her to go forth Robledo ( her community ) . For illustration. she learns how to utilize guns and how to manage medical exigencies. Once they start sojourning. Laurent and her group survive because of attentive and utilizing their resources in a more wise manner. After making the land where they intend to construct their first Earthseed community. they still require to be autonomous. Since there are no callings in this new country where they build their first Earthseed community. they have to about get down from abrasion and upkeep themselves by what they can cultivate and sell. Self-reliance hence becomes a basic rule of the Earthseed faith. Harmonizing to this faith which was founded by Laurent. it is imprudent for people to foolishly delay upon God to come and assist them –they have to labor so as to convey nutrient onto their tabular array. It is their duty to model their ain fate based on their personal attempts. ( ch. 11 ) . Harmonizing to Butler ( 158 ) . the novel besides shows the prostration of community and the steady reconstructing of another 1. Social orders are about broken in Robledo in 2024 and the lone topographic points where community seems to be is within the walled countries in which the center category and the rich people live a normal unrecorded. Though the people in the walled countries where the in -between category unrecorded do non like one another. they take the duty to support their vicinity. This community is doomed and at the terminal when it is invaded ; there is nil left but chaos and lawlessness. In this helter-skelter universe. Laurent and her community must larn the links of fondness and trustiness that conveying bond people in unison. In Laurent’s new community. there is sense of community-hood. togetherness and trueness to the ideals of the society. For illustration. after Jill Gilchrist is killed. Lauren consoles and amenitiess Jill’s sister. Allie ( Ch. 24 ) . This is advancement on the procedure of organizing the Earthseed community of people that portion common values and value one another. ( Butler 182 ) . The novel besides reveals a hapless faith which Laurent is against. Harmonizing to the Baptist faith where Laurent’s male parent is a curate. they foolishly depend on God. They believe that their God can make everything for them and hence there is no demand for battle. This sort of faith has contributed to the increased degrees of poorness in the community. This is why Laurent challenges her father’s religion. She wholly rejects his father’s faith and alternatively creates her own-Earthseed which entirely believes in laboring for one’s survival alternatively of foolishly waiting upon God. ( ch. 7 ) . Contrary to Laurent’s success after disputing her father’s faith. Keith-Laurent’s immature brother after disputing his male parent faith chooses a damaging class which ends in his death. He struggles to be independent by running from his father’s faith but this independency costs him his life ( ch. 9 ) . Harmonizing to Margalit ( 6 ) . Even though America is still in given democracy. there is no 1 in Laurent’s household and vicinity that is ready to vote except her male parent. Basic goods are scarce and costly. Outside the enclosed vicinities. there is anarchy. Peoples have entered in all types of depression. For illustration. drug dependence and disease is rampant. cadavers lie all over the streets and many people are hungering and homeless. The federal authorities supports speaking about relieving the state of affairs. but it is fundamentally immaterial to most people’s lives. The constabulary have worsened the state of affairs besides as they charge a fee before look intoing a offense. Mentions Octavia E. Butler. Parable of the Sower. United States: Four Walls Eight Windows imperativeness. 1993. Print. Fox. Margalit. â€Å"Octavia E. Butler. Science Fiction Writer. Dies at 58? diary of scientific discipline fiction. ( 2003 ) . Beginning papers

Using Effective Instructional Strategies

Using Effective Instructional Strategies Instructional strategies include all approaches that a teacher may take to engage students in the learning process actively. These strategies drive a teachers instruction as they work to meet specific learning objectives and ensure that their students are equipped with the tools they need to be successful. Effective instructional strategies meet all learning styles and the developmental needs of all learners. Teachers must be equipped with a well-rounded arsenal of effective instructional strategies to maximize their effectiveness and to increase student learning opportunities. Teachers are best served when they utilize a variety of instructional strategies as opposed to one or two. Variety ensures that students are never bored. It also ensures that students will likely be exposed to strategies that align with their preferred individualized learning style. Students will enjoy being taught with a variety of instructional strategies and are likely to stay engaged longer. Ultimately, a teacher should align the instructional strategies they are using with the students they are serving and the content they are teaching. Not every instructional strategy will be the perfect fit for every situation, so teachers must become adept at evaluating which strategy will be the best fit. Effective Instructional Strategies Popular instructional strategies include cloze reading, cooperative learning, hands-on learning activities, scaffolding, group instruction, self-assessment, thematic instruction, and word walls. New instructional strategies are being developed and implemented in classrooms on an almost daily basis. Instructional strategies can also be completely customized, meaning that they can be tweaked and configured to fit any situation. Two teachers can be using the same instructional strategy completely differently based on their own individual preferences and needs. Teachers should put their own creative spin on these instructional strategies to make them their own. 5 Ways to Boost Student Learning Instructional strategies provide a delivery mechanism for presenting great content. Instructional strategies are the how, and content is the what. In many cases, how you present the content is more important than what you present. Students latch onto content that is packaged in an interesting and engaging way. A lack of a great delivery system will fail to make connections with even the most interesting content.Instructional strategies provide teachers with the flexibility necessary to meet individual learning needs.  The sheer number of instructional strategies at a teachers disposal provides the flexibility to differentiate instruction. What works well for one group of students may not necessarily work well with another. Teachers must adapt to each group and utilize multiple instructional strategies to maximize their effectiveness.Instructional strategies can make teaching and learning fun. The majority of students learn best through active, engaging learning opportunities. Many instructional strategies embrace this and feature components that ensure learning is fun and engaging. Teachers must make every effort to feature instructional strategies that keep students engaged, on their toes, and wanting more. Instructional strategies, when used correctly, keep students from becoming bored with how they learn. When a teacher uses the same strategy over and over again, it becomes boring to students. This is a great way to cause students to lose focus and lose interest in learning.  When a teacher varies activities, changes them up, and uses a wide range of instructional strategies students stay engaged. This ultimately helps them learn more.Instructional strategies enhance instruction and boost learning. When teachers are continuously exploring and tweaking their delivery system, a beautiful thing happens. Over time, they become more effective at not only finding great instructional strategies but also with implementing them into their class. Likewise, when students are exposed to a variety of instructional strategies it broadens the scope of how they learn - essentially giving them multiple ways to process and learn new information.

Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Freedom - Essay Example Freedom allows a person to undertake any activity or action that he or she wishes as long as it does not limit or interfere with the freedom of another person. Self-determination is supposed to impact on the decisions that affect only the individual and not others. For example, one has the freedom to swing hand, however, this does not mean crushing another person’s nose in the guise of swinging own hands. In order to utilize freedom effectively, people should be bound by the principles such as self-control. This implies that the person can know the extent and limits of freedom. Overemphasis on freedom can be detrimental to the individual, community or the country at large. Freedom is thus regulated by law since it is sometimes used as justification for illegal activities. There are several types of freedom. Freedom of worship is guaranteed in many countries practicing democracy. This allows individuals to proclaim their religion without fear (Osho 2013). Economic freedom allows people to determine how to do business and who to associate with in business. However, this type of freedom is constrained by geographical locations and political factors. Example, transactions that threaten the security cannot be termed as economic freedom. Political freedom is the liberty to determine individual political affiliation without any coercion. Brett (2008) asserts that an individual can only change his or her political position based on persuasion. Political freedom further implies that a person cannot be punished for his or her political choices.

Critical analysis of your own personnel leadership approach, with an Essay

Critical analysis of your own personnel leadership approach, with an action plan for developing your own leadership potential - Essay Example According to Northhouse (2003), most traits studied in leadership are of men and most people perceive leadership as for men. But it is of reality today that many great leaders are women. As much as people know the importance of a leader, in a leader's mind and heart, it is also important to assess his own leadership style for further development. In this paper, we will examine the author's personal leadership and management style. In the end, the author is hopeful to inculcate lessons regarding leadership from his own leadership style and personnel management approach and hopefully be able to find out key elements in improving his own leadership. The author as a leader is democratic. He is democratic in a sense that he gives freedom to his members. Freedom is manifested in the fact the he encourages creative thinking from his members. His members are allowed to conceptualize ideas regarding the steps needed by the organization in taking the path towards success. His members are free to suggest action plans on how the organization will move. As a matter of fact, he requires each member to submit an action plan. He also emphasized the promotion of an atmosphere of free thinking. He also banners a participative leadership. "Participative leadership consults with subordinates about decisions" (Daft 2004). He does not give much pressure to his members. He believes that free thinking can promote a healthier environment for his members and will let them achieve better ends in their endeavor of achieving success. He gives tasks in a manner that his members enjoy doing it. But he also emphasized that freedom is limited to the extent that there is always discipline in his members. The freedom that he gives is not absolute because he always wants discipline to be bannered by his members. The author's leadership also creates a spirit of trust to his employees. This presupposes an atmosphere of freedom and innovation that banners free thinking. Given that a leader must have trust to his members, this will then pave way for his members to have confidence in themselves. The confidence that they gain will now give them the opportunity to innovate and create new schemes for the organization on what they deem important and vital for the attainment of its success. Employees can now be active players of the whole brain of an organization that runs the whole system. This will not only lead to growth of every employee but also to the organization as a whole. The author is also a leader that understands that man is basically a subject. This idea is from the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. A subject can transcend predications and qualities that can be embedded unto him. Subjectivity entails possibilities and potentialities that people have. One cannot be boxed or limited to a certain "this" or "that". One is more than "this" that confronts a leader or anyone, one can be anything. Thus, he is a leader that relates beyond his function. Recognizing the subjectivity of people transcends mere objective interaction. Both of the parties involved are always in the perspective of openness. Openness is the acceptance of the "other" as a being just like oneself. The "other" is also unique and full of potentialities and thus, cannot be limited to a mere function or object. There is a sense of

Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Education - Research Paper Example The younger population enrolled in academic institutions is just as important to a country as the workforce is to the organization. This is due to the reason that this youth or the children will be the workforce of the country in coming years. They will take up important positions in the society as doctors, engineers, artists, soldiers, politicians and many of them will run the primary institutions of the country. Therefore, it becomes crucial to ensure that the students are placed in the right set of subjects. It means that the student gets the support to study those courses that relates to their natural talents and they get to choose the careers of interest consequently. It is more proficient and less tedious to polish the naturals than to expect good output from them and ambition to grow in fields which oppose their in-born talents. Moreover, the need of students to get to learn in a creative environment which brings out the best in them also becomes important. However, bringing o ut the best from a student doesn’t solely rely on the curriculum design, teacher’s behavior or the environment. Everyone is aware with the power of individual’s passion and interest in subjects to excel in different fields of education. It is evident in various studies that an individual is more creative and focused to the subjects of their interest. They tend to be more willing and enthusiastic about taking challenging tasks in fields that are of interest to them and are relevant to their skills and passion. A forced attempt to study courses that the student dislikes, create negative impacts on a student’s behavior. The effects are far reaching on student’s academic performance and later on their job performance too. A student who has a clear aim in mind and tends to follow a career in a field where they are naturally talented is more competitive, views the challenges as stages of a tournament, and measures the success in terms of better grades an d self satisfaction (O’Leary, 1985). Psychologically speaking, an individual who is forced to study or persuaded a career which is not of their choice forms feeling of rebellion in them. Students who are naturally talented with numbers will take up on challenging problems with great enthusiasm. However, a student who has little aptitude with numbers will find themselves shirking away from the unpleasant task. Many times the resulting loss of grade and performance doesn’t matter to the student as long as they can avoid a subject which they don’t like. Student behavior is a vastly studied phenomenon; the studies tend to uncover the underlying reasons for student’s boisterous behavior in the learning environment. The students are known to divert their feelings of unrest and lack of confidence by adopting a rowdy behavior, by disturbing others and also by refusing to take part in the classroom activity. Learning skills and knowledge in fields which resonate w ith student’s natural talents create a feeling of confidence and self satisfaction which can’t be instilled more efficiently in the student’s behavior in any other way. Education systems are typically based on the belief that through a continual teaching students can be made to learn skills and practices related to multiple fields even if they aren’t in frequency with the natural gifts in students. We can observe from our schooling experiences that there are more

Theories on the Gender Pay Gap

Theories on the Gender Pay Gap Australian women earn about 83 ¢ cents for every $1 a man earns, according to a new report analysing the gender pay gap. Linda McDowell suggests that gendered assumptions have a range of influences on contemporary workplaces. Analyse the gender pay gap, engaging with the theorists you have studied this semester. INTRODUCTION As Linda McDowell suggests, gendered assumptions coming from heteronormative ideals and rules significantly influence contemporary workplaces. This subsequently results in the gender pay gap (1995). This paper seeks to critically analyse the influences emanating from gendered assumptions on contemporary workplaces.   Additionally, the link between these assumptions and the gender pay gap will be examined. This will be executed through examining the impacts of heteronormativity, which result in a never-ending binarised cycle that perpetuates the gender pay gap. Further, the possible challenges to gendered assumptions introduced by Judith Butler will be examined. However, to ensure a well-rounded analysis, the shortcomings of these challenges, and the subversive power of hegemonic masculinity will also be discussed. WHAT IS THE GENDER PAY GAP? The gender pay gap in society is something that is deemed ‘distressingly evident’, and continues to steadily control women in society (McDowell 2014 p.829). In Australia, the Gender pay gap refers to the discrepancy in pay between men and women in employment. Current statistics highlight that full-time working women earn 84% of a mans pay, making the gender pay gap sit at 16%. (WGEA, 2017, p.8). From this, it is obvious that progress is necessary. However, progress is not only slow, but proving to be difficult, as the gender pay gap twenty years ago was sitting at 17%, meaning that it has taken up to two decades to improve women’s pay by a mere 1% (WGEA, 2017, p.8). This is highly indicative of the stronghold that institutionalised gendered assumptions have over the workforce, even in the twenty-first century. A key theorist on the gender pay gap, Linda McDowell, states that women in the workplace have fought to ‘establish the right to be there at all’ (1995,p.80). This idea that women need to gain rights to earn money is embedded in historical ideologies that are not only out-dated but still guide the lives of many women today. Early feminist interventions to improve access to work and pay rates are still ongoing, such as the Liberal Feminist movement. The Liberal Feminist movement began in the early 1800s, with the aim of providing women with rights equal to those of men in education, the workforce and in society   (Tong, 1989). Although some of the endeavours of the movement have been achieved, such as women acquiring corporate and authoritative jobs that were once male-dominated, there are new barriers (Bishom-Rapp, S & Sargeant, M, 2016). The gender pay gap is one of the most significant new barriers implemented by institutions to prevent further development of gender equality in the workforce. The gender pay gap can be seen as originating from the three ‘glass ceilings’ embedded in contemporary society, and subsequently, contemporary workplaces (Bishom-Rapp, S & Sargeant, M, 2016,p. 102). The term glass ceilings refers to the invisible barriers that women confront as they approach the top of the corporate hierarchy. This term was established by the Glass Ceilings Commission, which sought to identify the glass ceiling barriers, and remove the blockages to advancement of women and minorities in employment (USDOL, 1995). The commission found there were three levels of barriers. The first barrier is relates to prejudice and bias, coming from educational opportunities, or lack thereof. The second barrier is concerned with the internal structures of a business. These structures are controllable by the business. They relate to the corporate climate and what is referred to as ‘pipeline barriers’ that come from lack of training and career development, which leads to the stunting of possible career advancement (Bishom-Rapp, S & Sargeant, M, 2016,p. 103). The final barrier is concerned with the government, and the lack of law enforcement, combined with dissemination of information about glass ceiling issues (Bishom-Rapp, S & Sargeant, M, 2016, p. 103). Although these three barriers cannot solely justify the widespread hold that the gender pay gap has on contemporary workplaces, they seek to pinpoint where the gender pay gap stems from, allowing work to be done in addressing these areas. HETERONORMATIVITY IN CONTEMPORARY WORKFORCES With the fundamental aspects of the gender pay gap now having been examined, the forces that perpetuate the existence of this significant issue within society require analysis. The most pressing force is the concept of heteronormativity, which is a harmful gender assumption that has a substantial influence on contemporary workforces. Heteronormativity can be defined as ‘a body of lifestyle norms, in which people tend to reproduce distinct and complementary genders (man and woman)’ (Herz & Johannson, 2015, p.1011). In contemporary society, heteronormativity is deemed to keep women in (within its confines) and also keeps women down, that is, subordinated (Jackson, 1999). Feminist discourse surrounding heteronormativity rose in second-wave feminism, the movement that broadened the feminist debate to address issues of inequality and sexuality, as well as workplace difficulties for women (Evans 1995). However, the origins of the ‘normalised’ heterosexual label within society can go back to the historical and cultural depictions of men and women from the eighteenth century (Boe & Coykendall, 2014). Though heteronormativity has a substantial presence within history and society, its impact as a gendered assumption within contemporary workforces is substantial. As heteronormativity conditions men and women to act a certain way according to their sex (which is also historically and socially defined), it leaves women boxed in.   Heteronormativity and the strict, reinforced gender binaries within society reflect the systems of oppression, and the construction of gender hierarchies (Herz & Johannson, 2015, p.1011). In order to maintain a hold on society, ideas of conforming to hyper-heteronormative behaviours are reinforced by institutions within society. Subsequently, these societal influences reverberate into education, family-life and in particular, the workforce. Although women have gained the right to coexist with men in contemporary workplaces, strict gender binaries prevent women from career development, strengthened abilities, and subsequently reinforce the gender-pay gap. The work of Angela McRobbie, a key theorist in the area of gender inequality in the workforce is highly pertinent to this discussion. McRobbie’s concept of the post-feminist masquerade highlights the harmful impact of gender assumptions in contemporary workforces (2007). McRobbie critiques the hyper-gendered performances women have been encouraged to engage in, as they place emphasis on the sexed body, and in turn gender differences. The ‘post-feminist masquerade’ is a means for patriarchal law and hegemonic masculinity to gain dominance against feminism (McRobbie, 2007, p. 723). Hegemonic masculinity refers to the configuration of â€Å"gender practice, which embodies the currently accepted answer to the problem of legitimacy of patriarchy which guarantees the dominant position of men, and the subordination of women† (Bartholomaeus, 2013, p.280). This is done through encouraging women to engage in feminine consumer culture, so as to reinscribe their femini nity in the workplace (McRobbie, 2007). These hyper-gendered performances include subscribing to common feminine practices, such as wearing tight skirts, high heels and a face full of make up to assert their femininity (McRobbie, 2007, p.722).   As women are encouraged to perform hyper-femininity, institutions are able to reinforce fear of retribution from abandoning heteronormativity in the workplace. This forces women back within the rigid gender binary, creating an even greater divide between men and women in the workspace, ultimately perpetuating the gender pay gap. THE LINK TO THE GENDER PAY GAP AND THE REPERCUSSIONS Based on the analysis to date, the harmful nature of gender assumptions in the workplace has been examined. However, the way that these gendered assumptions impact the gender pay gap requires concentrated analysis. Gender assumptions have a direct link to the gender pay gap, as they dictate the field of work that many women are in. Women are significantly overrepresented in the lowest paying occupations, as female-dominated jobs pay far less than male-dominated jobs (Ting, 2017). Feminised jobs include those relating to care-taking or domestic tasks, such as nursing, cleaning and childcare. These sex-segregated jobs are clearly indicative of the roles ascribed to women within heterosexual discourse. These feminised jobs stems from what is known as the caregiver model. This model is a historical regime that took the inherent caregiver role of women, and limited their employment to areas relating to this heteronormative ideal (McRobbie, 2007).   As more women are found in jobs that abide by the caregiver model, the influence of this troublesome ancient structure today is evident (McRobbie, 2007, p.730) However, this caregiver model cannot explain the fact that the gender pay gap in Australia has been found to exist in more than 1,000 occupations (Ting, 2017). This is due to the fact that men in workplaces are promoted into higher positions rather than their female counterparts (Jaffee, 1989, p.377). This is problematic, as there is somewhat a double-disadvantage coming from these jobs. Women in feminised occupations are â€Å"twice disadvantaged- first by being in a â€Å"female† field, and second by being a woman in that field, since men make more than women, even in â€Å"female† fields†Ã¢â‚¬ (Bishom-Rapp & Sargeant, 2016, p. 137). Additionally, women in corporate jobs face vertical segregation. Vertical segregation refers to the exclusion of women from organisational positions of autonomy and authority, due to the sex differences within workplaces (Jaffee, 1989, p.387).   Thus, the gender pay gap not only stems from the one area of feminised jobs, but also from a lack of career advancement that is within the power of organisations in society. According to Wolf and Fligstein, the sexual differences in power in the work setting ‘are an important factor generating inequality in earnings between men and women’ (1979, 235). This highlights how ideas about the femininity of women drive contemporary workforce standards, as women are expected to perform work according to their performance of heterosexuality. Further, the long-term disadvantages that come from gendered assumptions and the subsequent gender pay gap will be critically analysed. Not only does the gender pay gap lead to disadvantage for women in social, financial and personal situations, but also leads to lifetime disadvantage. Lifetime disadvantage refers to the factors that lead to ‘the retirement ills of many women’ (Bishom-Rapp & Sargeant, 2016, p. 190). That is, the risks that women face from being unequally paid. As women go into retirement, they are at risk of experiencing the critical impact of the gender pay gap. Women subsequently earn less over their lifetime, which results in lower superannuation, and a risk of poverty in old age. In 2012, 21.7% of women aged over 65 were at risk of poverty, whereas only 16.3% of men were likely to experience poverty (Bishom-Rapp & Sargeant, 2016, p. 116). Gender inequality in the workforce not only reflects current social position and power inequalities, but it also leads to detrimental outcomes of lifetime disadvantage for women. TACKLING THE GENDER BINARY Although gendered assumptions continue to drive workplaces, there are ways to tackle this blatant discrimination that women face in employment. According to leading gender theorist, Judith Butler, there is a means to challenge heteronormativity, which forms the foundation for the gender pay gap. Butler believes that gender is reiterated through regulatory practices, and is culturally constructed through the heterosexual matrix (Butler, 1990, p.9). The heterosexual matrix refers to the re-stabilisation of gender through women repeatedly engaging in feminised behaviours and appearances (Butler, 1990). Therefore, the sexed body only gains significance from its constant reification and institutionalised endorsement within society. As the gender binary requires engagement by society, an inherent instability within this social construct can be made out (Butler, 1990, p11). Because of this, women are able to exploit gendered assumptions through their constant reinforcement, as it becomes obvious to those looking to challenge it. Women in the workforce have already taken charge in this area, as the overall gender pay gap in full-time employment decreased in 2015 to 2016 (WGEA, 2017,p.15). By viewing sex and gender as something culturally, historically and socially constructed, society will be able to define themselves with their own limitations and freedoms by challenging these constructed ideals. In particular, the feminist movement will make significant headway in this area through challenging normative heterosexuality. This effect will reverberate in the workforce, as the structures seeking to restrain women from challenging hegemonic masculinity will destabilise. The gender pay gap, in particular, has improved among men and women in trades including machinery operating and building, decreasing by 4% in terms of total remuneration between 2015 and 2016 (WGEA, 2017, p. 16). This is indicative of the progress being made by women in challenging the preconceived capabilities of their bodies. By going beyond the behaviours of gender that limit their capabilities, they are able to challenge both gender constructs and inequality in the workforce. As McDowell suggests, women’s sexed bodies are threatening in the workplace for the very reason that they are not meant to be there -‘They challenge the order of things’ (1995,p.80). Not only have women challenged order through entering the workforce; they have also challenged the very structured foundation of the order.   This provides women with the means to break through the metaphorical glass ceilings that limit equality in the workplace. Additionally, if women persevered with obtaining both equality and equity, it would ‘liberate not only women but also human personality from the straitjacket of gender’ (Herz & Johannson, 2015, p.1010). Therefore, by furthering the feminist movement, those reinforcing hegemonic masculinity and the institutions that enforce gendered assumptions will be disembodied. This includes the governing of each individual of society through the heterosexual matrix. THE PARADOX THAT IS GENDER EQUALITY In current gender studies, there are now ways to challenge gender assumptions that feed the gender pay gap. However, the gender pay gap is not in steady decline, and is expected to hold its position, if not rise in areas of managerial roles (WGEA, 2017, p. 6). As individuals are provided with the previously mentioned means to challenge the reification of gender binaries, the institutional stronghold over sex and gender conceptions tightens, finding new ways to subvert these challenges. By virtue of the fact that women are entering the workforce and fighting for equal pay, hegemonic masculinity is weakened. Because of this, institutions use any perceived gender equality improvements to set the fight back, rather than enhance it. This can be seen through the concept of ‘attribution of capacity’ enunciated by Angela McRobbie (2007). This attribution of capacity refers to the freedom given to women in the workforce. In a post-feminist context, women are provided with roles of accountability and autonomy, with the expectation of embodying a strong, can-do attitude to work. However, McRobbie argues that these improvements are instead reinscription of hegemonic masculinity, leading to drawbacks in the fight for equal pay. Women are ‘invited to recognise themselves as privileged subjects’ and are expected to be grateful for achieving   (with a fight) the fundamental human right of equality (McRobbie, 2007, p, 722). As institutions have relinquished this control over who enters the workforce, they apply new barriers under the faà §ade of equality. Women are now expected to be accomplished subjects who can come forward, however this is only on the condition that feminism fades away despit e neither equality nor equity being achieved (McRobbie, 2007, p.720). Therein lies what Raewyn Connell refers to as the patriarchal dividend, which is the advantage given to men as a group from maintaining inequality within society (2009). Monetary income from the workforce is just one of the benefits, in addition to respect, safety, institutional power and autonomy. (Connell, 2009, p.142). From the reinforcement of hegemony, the patriarchal dividend and gender binaries within society as a response to feminist movements, women are once again placed back into the labels and categories that they first sought to escape from, subverting years of feminist work. Additionally, the critique of the ‘Virgin Atlantic: 25 years: Still red-hot’ highlights the drawback that women face in the postfeminist struggle for equality (Duffy et al., 2016). The article critiques the marketing strategies used to evoke idealised gender appearances in a postmodern context in order to facilitate the perpetuation of gender binaries. The advertisement ultimately utilises ‘good old-fashioned sexism while simultaneously distancing themselves from it’, which suggests that the institutions that seek to retain a hold over postmodern feminism have utilised the newfound freedom of women and bent it to their will, making women slaves in their own emancipation (Duffy et al., 2016, p. 266). CONCLUSION Ultimately, by examining the structures within the contemporary workforce, the gender pay gap has been critically analysed. By examining the institutionalised gender binaries entrenched within society, the root causes of the gender pay gap have been established and evaluated. The analysis reveals that through heteronormativity and the enforcement of gender binaries, the gender pay gap is perpetually reified, with lifelong effects. Although Butler provides an outlet for change through challenging these binaries, the institutional stronghold over the sexed body and its link to societal outcomes proves to be rigidly in place, as discussed by a key theorist studied within the unit, Angela McRobbie. REFERENCE LIST: 1. Bartholomaeus, C (2013) ‘Colluding With or Challenging Hegemonic Masculinity’.  Australian Feminist Studies, vol. 28, pp. 279-293. 2. Bishom-Rapp, S & Sargeant, M (2016) Lifetime disadvantage, discrimination and the gendered workforce. Cambridge University press. 3. Boe, A & Coykendall, A (2014) Heteronormativity in Eighteenth-century Literature and Culture. Ashgate publications. 4. Butler, J. (1990). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, New York: Routledge, pp.1-19. 5. Connell, R (2009). Gender Politics.  Gender. Pp.136–51. Cambridge: Polity Press. 6. Duffy, K, Hancock, P, & Tyler, M (2016) ‘Still red-hot? Postfeminism and gender subjectivity in the airline industry’. Gender, work and organization, vol. 24, pp. 260-273. 7. Evans, J (1995) Feminist theory today: An introduction to second-wave feminism. Sage publications. 8. Herz, M & Johansson, T (2015). ‘The normativity of the concept of heteronormativity’. Journal of Homosexuality. Pp. 1009- 10209. 9. Jackson, S (1999) Heterosexuality in question. Sage publications. 10. Jaffee, D (1989) ‘Gender inequality in workplace autonomy and authority’. Social science quarterly, vol. 70, pp. 375-390 11. McDowell, L (1995) Body work: heterosexual gender performances in city workplaces. (Routledge) 12. McDowell, L (2014) ‘Gender, work employment and society: Feminist reflections on community and change’. Work, employment & society. pp.825-837. 13. McRobbie, A (2007) ‘Top Girls? Young women and the post-feminist sexual contract’. Cultural Studies. pp.718-737. 14. Ting, I 2017. ‘The gender income gap in more than 1000 occupations, in one chart’, The Age. Viewed: 22 April 2017.

Ramsey vs. Fletcher :: essays research papers

As a student at Southern Methodist University, I have acquired knowledge from requisite classes to not only better myself, but also for the betterment of my community. I feel, as apart of the human race, that we should continue to strive for an enhanced community by gaining information from other humans. However, in order for this greater sense of community to occur, we must realize there are morals to withstand. Socrates posed the question â€Å"have we learned how to teach virtue?† I believe that it is a work in progress. Although, ethics did not have a primary role in society until the mid twentieth century, I feel that we are making progress leaps and bounds to achieve this goal in a short amount of time. After reading ethicists Paul Ramsey and Joseph Fletcher’s words many questions were raised that would seem to have contradicting answers. Therefore, other ethicists and students are obligated to lean toward one side or the other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Paul Ramsey’s preface to The Patient as Person, we get a clear depiction of where he stands on ethics today. Ramsey says that it is important to keep the covenant between man and man and man and God. The covenant between man and man is that men need to have a kind of faithfulness to each other that is righteous (Pg. 53). For example, when you visit the doctor you, as a patient, have an obligation to trust the doctor. The doctor has an advantage because he/she has been educated in the field of medicine. . You have faith that the doctor will do what is right for the enhancement of your health. Sometimes doctors abuse that aspect of their profession and use it to better science. James P. Scanlan uses the argument of finding the valuable truth and scientific knowledge which is morally impossible to obtain (Pg. 55). Ramsey responds by saying, â€Å"These are salutary warnings precisely because by them we are driven to make the most searching inquiry concerning more basic ethical principles governing medical practice.† While becoming a doctor, one may feel as if they must constantly better the field of health using science. â€Å"Doctors†, Ramsey says, â€Å"Need to become moral philosophers† (Pg.55). If the doctors do not think morally, then medical ethics will slowly become scoured till there is nothing left. Granted, there are doctors and medical students who have looked at this situation from a moral perspective, but I believe, as does Ramsey, that doctors will get caught up in the â€Å"omnivorous appetite of scientific research. Ramsey vs. Fletcher :: essays research papers As a student at Southern Methodist University, I have acquired knowledge from requisite classes to not only better myself, but also for the betterment of my community. I feel, as apart of the human race, that we should continue to strive for an enhanced community by gaining information from other humans. However, in order for this greater sense of community to occur, we must realize there are morals to withstand. Socrates posed the question â€Å"have we learned how to teach virtue?† I believe that it is a work in progress. Although, ethics did not have a primary role in society until the mid twentieth century, I feel that we are making progress leaps and bounds to achieve this goal in a short amount of time. After reading ethicists Paul Ramsey and Joseph Fletcher’s words many questions were raised that would seem to have contradicting answers. Therefore, other ethicists and students are obligated to lean toward one side or the other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Paul Ramsey’s preface to The Patient as Person, we get a clear depiction of where he stands on ethics today. Ramsey says that it is important to keep the covenant between man and man and man and God. The covenant between man and man is that men need to have a kind of faithfulness to each other that is righteous (Pg. 53). For example, when you visit the doctor you, as a patient, have an obligation to trust the doctor. The doctor has an advantage because he/she has been educated in the field of medicine. . You have faith that the doctor will do what is right for the enhancement of your health. Sometimes doctors abuse that aspect of their profession and use it to better science. James P. Scanlan uses the argument of finding the valuable truth and scientific knowledge which is morally impossible to obtain (Pg. 55). Ramsey responds by saying, â€Å"These are salutary warnings precisely because by them we are driven to make the most searching inquiry concerning more basic ethical principles governing medical practice.† While becoming a doctor, one may feel as if they must constantly better the field of health using science. â€Å"Doctors†, Ramsey says, â€Å"Need to become moral philosophers† (Pg.55). If the doctors do not think morally, then medical ethics will slowly become scoured till there is nothing left. Granted, there are doctors and medical students who have looked at this situation from a moral perspective, but I believe, as does Ramsey, that doctors will get caught up in the â€Å"omnivorous appetite of scientific research.