Listening Skills and Healthcare

Theoretical This examination utilizes a quantitative review method, and summed up information gathered is utilized to associate outcomes with listening abilities as its basic guideline (Punch, 1998). An overview was conveyed on the Internet and yielded results from different sexual orientation, financial foundations and instruction levels. Correspondence issues have been kept up by utilizing various methods.Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on Listening Skills and Healthcare explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pain faces scale preparing of members and examination collaborators and keeping up great associations with members are utilized in our enrollment to additionally create organization between the investigation populace and analysts and to look after criticism. Each progression embraced to accumulate and examine information, approve discoveries and present exploration results in which extensive and available discoveries will be utilized to facilitative development and proceeded with advancement. The reason for this exploration is to build up a superior comprehension of listening aptitudes and how better listening abilities well as capacity to perceive nonverbal articulations will help the medicinal services industry and its customers. Presentation The merriam-webster word reference characterizes torment as â€Å"suffering or pain of body or mind†. It is contended that compelling correspondence between human services supplier and patient is a significant component in improving treatment consistence. Holmes et al, (2007) then again furnishes that agony meddles with person’s capacity to convey by changing typical examples of verbal and nonverbal correspondence. Listening aptitudes is something that has been underlined in the clinical field for a considerable length of time. Educators in clinical schools have been endeavoring to show their understudies to be better audience members to their patients (Hol mes at al, 2007). As we try to incorporate powerful relational abilities in medicinal services, the best inquiry, but hard to ask, is: does listening aptitudes, just as intentional nonverbal correspondence, while being applied, bound to improve the connection between human services suppliers and patients? Listening aptitudes is something that has been underscored in the clinical field for around 2,500 years and the issue of correspondence moves frequently prompting misdiagnosis has consistently been an issue. Frischenschlager and Pucher (2002) contend that portraying agony to a doctor falls exclusively on the patient. Furthermore, much of the time, doctors frequently come up short on the abilities to peruse patient’s nonverbal signs or even decipher the slang they use.Advertising Looking for research paper on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore correspondence issues among suppliers and pat ients stay to be a significant issue in the social insurance proficient. The supplier persistent as exhibited by the torment scale (figure 1-Appendix) shows their interrelationships. The exploration directed looked to respond to the inquiry, â€Å"Can torment faces be recognized from other enthusiastic expressions?† Literature audits on the capacity to perceive outward appearances and listening aptitudes issues confronting the two patients and human services suppliers in social elements of medicinal services proficient will be talked about. An intensive examination on correspondence of medical problems influencing these networks are outlined which gives a blend of the current issues. This writing audit is begat around close to home and situational issues, just as exact examination on the correspondence worries with help of looked into of populace studies and subjects are summed up. As the social setting of medical problems affects our networks, sociological writing on this pa ndemic is featured. To certify this investigation, analysts connected different reactions to explore from the related territories and finished up with references for future examination on the wellbeing and sociological measurements. The flow writing was inspected utilizing Communication Mass Media Complete database and looked through online article utilizing listening aptitudes and outward appearances in medicinal services as watchwords utilizing Google. The examination focused on both youthful, center and mature age populace as my feature and structured my exploration article around a torment face scales instruments to play out an intensive investigation on how members can distinguish non-verbal signs to convey their agony issues. The finding being that on the off chance that a â€Å"Lay† individual could do it WELL, at that point with a touch of preparing, a Healthcare Provider could do it too. Preparing that included investing more energy with their patients. Our cautious investigation and examination will at that point be utilized to distinguish the legitimacy and pertinent confirmations that can be utilized in human services rehearses Objective This paper tries to investigate the connection between medicinal services supplier and the patient, featuring challenges they experience when conveying to one another about agony issues. Our investigation targets giving confirm based rules that will give a lot of suggestions that can improve listening aptitudes on the patient and the administration provider.Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on Listening Skills and Healthcare explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More While much has been done to urge doctors to improve their listening abilities, research demonstrates that tuning in, just as supplier tolerant associations can improve with satisfactory preparing and development. As the quantity of studies builds, the outcomes, impacts and results of patient-supplier corresp ondence, there is as yet a much exploration to be done in the field. Foundation Questionnaires were planned and disseminated over the web. This condition permitted members to unreservedly and straightforwardly rate outward appearances however much as could reasonably be expected. Members were all around familiar with web and utilization of outward appearances in their everyday exercises. This furnished them with impressive information on what was anticipated from them the same number of the articulations, for example, outrage, joy, bitterness, disturb, shock, dread and torment in outward appearances related well with their own encounters. Writing Review Analysis The most continuous objection among patients is torment. As per Baird et al (2008), an estimation of 30 million individuals in the United States are experiencing ceaseless agony. It can not be accepted that the most predominant torment consistently happen normally. Gaining successful relational abilities requires the work of perception and application practice of correspondence articulations. As per the US Bureau of the Census (1995), almost 7% of the US populace manages ceaseless agony consistently focusing on it worry inside the medicinal services network. Proof from the US Department of Commerce shows that agony related issues costs billions of dollars in the human services industry. It includes that related issues, for example, constant agony the board and how to successfully manage torment and cost the executives to be likewise of concern. Similar investigations additionally proves high event of sedative reliance among the referenced gathering. Agony can be clarified in alternate points of view contingent upon singular encounters. Frischenschlager and Pucher (2002) give that torment can't be estimated or measured. Medicinal services supplier ought to for this situation evaluate torment on singular viewpoints. Along these lines verbal and non-verbal depiction of their present wellbeing status relie s entirely upon the patient.Advertising Searching for research paper on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More This just implies the general correspondence setting is impacted by the dynamic trade of the specialist co-op and tolerant connection. Notwithstanding, this has never been the situation. As Frischenschlager and Pucher (2002) state, â€Å"problems with the correspondence among specialist and patient are a continuous outcome (p.416). Agony has regularly been characterized as a notice sign showing something incorrectly inside the body. Torment is grouped into two classes; intense and constant torment. Individuals in torment regularly experience extreme mental experience. Recognizing the significance of patients seeing how to react to torment is significant in imparting torment issues to the suppliers. Issues related with understanding correspondence process are outside the extent of clinical examination. In such manner, Brannigan et al (2008) cites, â€Å"pain ought to be taken a gander at as a multi-dimensional undertaking and not only a one an admonition sign† (p.12). In this way, having the option to impart successfully and realizing which messages to convey are similarly significant. Agony Theories Frishenchlager and Pucher (2002) arrange torment speculations into two gatherings; 1) the Frey hypothesis and 2) the Goldscheider’s approach. Frey’s hypothesis characterizes torment as unique torment pathways that interface torment explicit nerve endings prompting the mind. The Goldscheider’s approach expresses that nerve endings are not explicit to any focal point of the mind and that torment must be experienced when the degree of torment scopes to an extraordinary point that can not be endure driving a patient to communicating their uneasiness. Frishenchlager and Pucher (2002) joins mental factors, for example, interruption, unwinding, dread, gloom, previous agony encounters, family and social impacts to be among factors that influence the way that individuals experience torment. In their examination, Frishenchlager and Pucher (2002) r eclassify torment as,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦unpleasant tactile and passionate experience related with real or potential tissue harm or depicted as far as such damage† (p.419).Their definition gives equivalent load to enthusiastic and physical agony experience consequently the resurrection of entryway hypothesis that joins feelings

Galileo's Daughter underlying devotion to her father Essay

Galileo's Daughter fundamental commitment to her dad - Essay Example Since all the three of Galileo’s kids were ill-conceived, he realized it is hard to wed them off, which is the reason he sent two of his girls to cloisters, to become nuns. Conceived Virginia Galilei, Galileo’s oldest little girl was an incredible wellspring of help and consolation to him. She later expected the name of Suor Maria Celeste, at the San Matteo Convent, Arcetri. Obviously, she couldn’t recover data about the outside world and her correspondence with her dad permitted her to take in and acquire news from outside. Galileo’s little girl was of splendid keenness and regularly offered recommendations and counsel to her dad, when he appeared in a turbulent attitude or debilitated. The letters have been composed utilizing charming terms and depict the incredible love and regard that Maria Celeste had for her dad. The conversations uncovered the profound intrigue she had in her father’s logical work, wherein she regularly offered her sentiments. Other than this, they additionally examined broadly on wellbeing cures and other family issues. In these pages, Maria Celeste is uncovered as vivacious, canny, sharp. In the community, she filled in as a pharmacist, having taken in the exchange from the nuns and visiting specialists who staffed the religious communities clinic (p. 325). Sobel estimates, in any case, that she figured out how to peruse and write in Latin and Italian under her dads tutelage. In fact, nobody at San Matteo outperformed her in language aptitudes. Indeed, even the abbesses searched her out to compose significant letters of authentic business (p. 325). In Sobels see, it is Suor Maria Celeste - unquestionably more than her secluded more youthful sister or her wayward, disorderly sibling - who met Galileos coordinate in knowledge, understanding, commitment, and mind.

How Long Does Versed Stay in Your System

How Long Does Versed Stay in Your System Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Print How Long Does Versed (Midazolam) Stay in Your System? Versed in Your Blood Urine By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 16, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 11, 2020 Roche More in Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand Effects Duration Factors That Affect Detection Time Elimination Symptoms of Overdose Getting Help View All Back To Top Versed (midazolam) is a drug usually used for pre-anesthesia sedation and for procedural sedation for children.?? For adults, it is often used for uncomfortable procedures such as colonoscopies because it produces memory loss. Versed is in a class of drugs called  benzodiazepines,  which are central nervous system depressants and  Schedule IV  controlled substances. When combined with alcohol or other depressants, or when taken in large dosages, Versed can cause  a loss of consciousness and respiratory failure, so its important to know how long it remains in your system to avoid dangerous drug interactions and potential overdoses. How Long Does Versed Stay in Your System? Urine: Up to two days Surgery and Versed (Midazolam) How Long Does It Take to Feel the Effects? There are several ways Versed can be administered,?? but it must always be done where there is immediate access to monitoring for breathing and heart function due to associated risks. It is administered by medical professionals in a hospital, day surgery clinic, or doctors office. It can be given as an injection, by tablet, or in a syrup. How Versed is taken will determine how fast it takes effect. An injection or IV takes effect in five to 15 minutes with maximum effect in 15 to 60 minutes and lasts about 2 hours (though the range is anywhere between one and six hours). The amnesia effect lasts for 20 minutes to an hour depending on how it is administered. As a syrup, the effects of Versed in children are seen in 10 to 20 minutes. The effects of Versed can last for one to two days,?? and you should plan your schedule so you wont be doing any tasks that require coordination and concentration. You wont be allowed to drive yourself home after Versed is administered for a procedure, and youll need to take the day off of work. How Long Does Versed Last? The half-life of Versed, or how long it takes for half of the drug to leave your system, is roughly 1.8 to 6.4 hours. Midazolam, the active ingredient in Versed, is broken down into the liver to both active and inactive metabolites, so it has two phases of elimination from the body. It is mostly excreted in the urine but is also eliminated in the feces. Versed (midazolam) can be detected in blood and urine tests for prescription drugs and has a urine detection window of 0.5 to 2 days. If you will be taking any such test, be sure to inform the testing laboratory that you have had it administered by your doctor so the test can be interpreted correctly. Factors That Affect Detection Time How long it takes your body to fully eliminate the drug depends on many factors, including age, liver function, and any other medications that were administered or you have been taking. Age: Children, newborns, and geriatric patients can take longer than healthy adults to metabolize and eliminate the drug.Liver and kidney function: People with liver or renal impairment have been found to have longer elimination half-lives. How to Get Versed Out of Your System The only proven way to get Versed out of your system is to stop taking it and allow your body time to process and eliminate it. Symptoms of Overdose Because Versed is a central nervous system depressant, there is a risk of death if an overdose occurs. Symptoms of an overdose of Versed include the following:?? ConfusionDrowsinessShallow respirationClammy skinDilated pupilsFast or  irregular heartbeatLow blood pressureWeak and rapid pulseConfusionDizzinessBlurred visionDepressionComaPossible death If you suspect a Versed overdose, call 911 immediately or call the poison control center (1-800-222-1222). If you experience any of the following serious side effects that you think may be  related to Versed, contact your doctor.?? Loss of memory during the time while the drug is being administered and the time immediately followingSlow breathingAgitation, hyperactivity, or combativenessDrowsinessIncreased coughingVomitingNauseaRashProblems with coordination and alertness Dangerous Interactions It is important to not drink alcohol or take any other medications that depress your nervous system for 24 hours after you have been administered Versed. Be sure to tell your doctor about all the medications, vitamins, supplements, and herbal products that youre taking prior to your surgery or procedure, as some of these substances can cause serious interactions, including: AntidepressantsCertain antifungalsCertain antibioticsCertain calcium channel blockersAntihistaminesCough medicineAnticonvulsantsOther sedativesSt. Johns WortGrapefruit Getting Help Your dosage will be gradually tapered off to minimize some of the more profound symptoms of  withdrawal, including: Abdominal crampsAn altered sense of realityConfusion and disorientationDepressionHallucinationsIncreased sensitivity to light, pain, and/or soundInsomniaIrritabilityMuscle crampsNausea and vomitingNervousnessParanoiaProfuse sweatingSeizures and convulsionsTachycardia (rapid heart rate)Tingling, burning, or skin-crawling sensationsTremor If you are concerned about how long Versed will stay in your system after being administered, talk to your doctor to find out exactly what to expect. Any indication of how long a drug will stay in your system is only a best estimate, and you should plan accordingly.

Women Of A Modern Indian Sex Worker - 1339 Words

A woman is a mother, a sister, a daughter, and an aunt. She can be a teacher, a rocket scientist and a model. Sadly, sometimes she is also a prostitute. Exploitation of women for sex has been an ancient practice that is still prevalent in present time. Modern prostitution is a growing problem with its roots planted deep in the past. Ancient Athens was not an exception when it came to prostitution, with both men and women being targeted. There is limited information regarding the consequences of and characteristics of Athenian prostitutes but the sources that are available present many similarities as well as differences with modern Indian prostitutes. Even though these women are separated by centuries, their work still remains. Through a careful research of the definition of Athenian prostitute and characteristics of a modern Indian sex worker, the two types of women can be compared. Prostitution in Ancient Athens was not uncommon, however in order to paint a full picture of an Athenian prostitute one must start from the very beginning. Because sources are scarce and words such as â€Å"hubris and â€Å"hetaira† get lost in translation. There is no clear definition of Athenian prostitution, however, authors do seem to agree that â€Å"the word hubris is used in Athenian sources to refer to certain forms of sexual violence† (Cohen 171). Therefore, hubris may include rape and homo/heterosexual prostitution. It also involves physical violence, verbal insult, adultery, and seduction (CohenShow MoreRelatedAngela Davis and Feminism Essay1562 Words   |  7 PagesMothers, fathers, daughters, sons, aunts, uncles, grandparents, pimps, prostitutes, straight people, gay people, lesbian people, Europeans, Asians, Indians, and Africans all have once thing in common: they are products of sexuality. 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In 2007, the  Ministry of Women and Child Development  reported the presence of 2.8 million  sex workers  in India, with 35.47 percent of them entering the trade before the age of 18 years.[3][4]  The number of prostitutes has doubled in the last decade.[5] According to a  Human Rights Watch  report, Indian anti-traffickingRead MoreWho Are Philosophers And Writers Of Great Ingenuity?1545 Words   |  7 Pagesto put down into direct words such global concepts, as are portrayed by the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engel, both of whom are philosophers and writers of great ingenuity. With the main aspects continuing to serve as important criticisms of modern day society, reflecting back upon the ideologies brought forth by two of the most influential figures is almost inevitable. Not only did they pursue to analyze the societal and economic world systems, but in the process of doing so, have opened theRead MoreComparing China s And India s Sexual History1161 Words   |  5 Pageshistory I saw that they had many unique preparative on sex compared to todays. For example in India’s famous book Kamasutra which discussed the nature of love and how to make a good family and home. This makes is seemingly normal compared to the mode rn day. However the thing that makes Kamasutra so unique and different is was that they categorized men by their penis sizes and women by the size of their vagina. The Kamasutra also recommended women on sexual techniques on how to please their husbandsRead MoreThe, Human Trafficking, And The Saga Of 53 Indian Nationals1375 Words   |  6 Pagesurinals†¦there were four showers†¦.we were told not to go anywhere or leave the dormitory†¦most of us had to stand or sit on the floor while we ate.† Footnote: Michael A. Scaperlanda, Human Trafficking in the Heartland: Greed, Visa Fraud, and the Saga of 53 Indian Nationals Enslaved by a Tulsa Company, Loyola University Chicago International Law Review, (2005): 232, accessed January 16, 2016, http://lawecommons.luc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1130context=lucilr. †¢ â€Å"The new dorm†¦was larger, but we wereRead MoreInstitutional DIscrimination is Unjust716 Words   |  3 Pagesslavery and women as ‘stay at home moms’ but it still exist in the modern times of the last ten years. Everyday American’s face discrimination by companies and institutions based on gender, race, and social class with negative judgment. The negative judgments leads to the unjust treatment such as unequal payment, healthcare coverage and inaccurate stereotypes. 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Islamic Architecture Free Essays

Structuralisms Architecture Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day, influencing the design and construction of buildings and structures in Islamic culture. What is Islam? * The name of the religion is Islam, which comes from an Arabic root word meaning â€Å"peace† and â€Å"submission. † * Islam teaches that one can only find peace in one’s life by submitting to Almighty God (Allah) in heart, soul and deed. We will write a custom essay sample on Islamic Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now * The same Arabic root word gives us â€Å"Salaam Alaskan,† (â€Å"Peace be with you†), the universal Muslim reediting. Geographical * The Moslem faith flourished in the countries of Southern Asia and North Africa. * Other important communities include Zanzibar, Madagascar and China. * In the 20th century mobility, Islam was brought throughout the world as far as Sydney and South shields. * The spread of Islam has been frequently associated with military conquest, racial movements and in some cases with the consequent displacement of established populations. * The most important were the Arab expansion northwards and westwards out of the Arabian peninsula, and the drive of the Turkish ND Mongol groups South, Southeast and Southwest of Central Asia. The Islamic world Geological * The countries into which Islam first expanded were already rich in building tradition and the important techniques of exploitation of natural resources for building work and trade in building materials had long been established. * Brick making and pipes’ walling was almost universal in the alluvial plains * Cooling effect of structures with very heavy walls and high rooms has been widely exploited. * Unprotected circulation are common. History * A. D. 622 – the year of the Hegira, when Mohammed moved from Mecca to Medina. Immediately after his death in 632 – the concerted efforts of the Arabian Tibet carried death as conquerors into Central Asia and westward towards the Atlantic. Social * The Arab group which were the spearhead of advanced Islam ,were essentially tribal, and in consequence the behavior patterns and attributes of emergent Islamic societies were based on traditions of the desert. * Public life was reserved for men. * Women play a secondary role, to be part of the household – the harem. In public, she is protected by the anonymity of the veil. * Equality was only granted to the Aromatic groups. * â€Å"peoples of the book† -Jews and Christians * Freedom of worship and interval government. Religious * Islam is the last of the three great religions of the middle east. * Its essence is contained in a simple sentence, which is both the profession of faith and the credo of its adherents * There is only one God and his prophet Mohammed. * Philosophy of life and government. * The Koran – is regarded as the revelation through the medium of the prophet Mohammed. * The Width – is the collection of his sayings or injunctions and is of lesser weight. The law – is extracted from the prophet’s instructions, from tradition and sample. * An acceptance of the transitory nature of earthly life; personal humility; an abhorrence of images worship. * The important architectural endeavor is normally expended on buildings having a direct social or community purpose, including worships; that decorations tends toward the abstract, using geometric, calligraphic and plant motifs , with a preference for a uniform field of decoration rather than a focal element; and that a basic conservatism discouraged innovations and favored established forms Terminologies * Massed (Persia, India) – mosque or a place of worship. * Jam – mosque, principal place of worship, or use of the building for Friday prayers * Messed (Turkey) – small * Salami – men’s or prayer house * Madras (Egypt) * Menders (Turkey) – religious college and mosque. * Sara; Sera – palace Building Components * Miramar – niche oriented towards Mecca * Member – raised platform for ceremonial announcements open-fronted vault facing on to a court * ABA – gateway * Sans – courtyard of a mosque * Minaret – tower from which call to prayer was made. Harem – women’s or private quarter’s of a house or palace quest’s quarters * Kibble; Kibble – axis oriented towards Mecca * Chatter (India) – kiosk Personnel * Muezzin – caller who summons the faithful to prayer * Imam – man who leads the congregation at prayer * ‘wan; Ivan (Persia) – * Caliph – successor to the prophet as military, Judicial and spiritual leader of Islam Architectural Character * Majority of Islamic buildings are fundamentally related to a principal axis. This axis is frequently extended into a formal landscape which is integral part of the sign. The prime axis was the kibble, the general concept was derived from the line of balance and symmetry implicit in the concept of perfect creation, as seen in gardens and buildings. * Islamic architecture is centered upon God. At its heart is the Mosque and inward – looking building whose prime purpose is contemplation and prayer. * Mosque may s erve as a school, transactions may be made there and storage for treasures. * Minaret – a tower from whose top the Muezzin gave the call to prayer. * Miramar – a niche where the leader of the congregation (the Imam) sakes his prayers. Menders/Madras – college * Han/Caravanserai’s – the hostel * The courtyard – the sides were punctuated with gateways, prayer chambers, or arched porches ‘wants. Architecture Forms and Styles of Mosques and buildings in Muslim countries Forms – Many forms of Islamic architecture have evolved in different regions of the Islamic world. These mosques are square or rectangular in plan with an enclosed courtyard and a covered prayer hall. Sheehan – The traditional Islamic courtyard, a Sheehan in Arabic, is found in secular and religious structures. When within a accidence or other secular building is a private courtyard and walled garden. A Sheehan – courtyard is in within almost every mosque in Islamic architecture. The courtyards are open to the sky and surrounded on all sides by structures with halls and rooms, and often a shaded semi-open arcade. Arabesque – An element of Islamic art usually found decorating the walls and window screens of mosques and Muslim homes and buildings, the arabesque is an elaborate application of repeating geometric forms that often echo the forms of plants, shapes and sometimes animals (specifically birds). Calligraphy – is associated with geometric Islamic art (the Arabesque) on the walls and ceilings of mosques. Contemporary artists in the Islamic world draw on the heritage of calligraphy to use calligraphic inscriptions or abstractions in their work. Examples Mosque – A Muslim house of worship Minaret – A tall tower in, or continuous to a mosque arch stairs leading up to one or more balconies from which the faithful are called to prayer. Kiosk – a small pavilion, usually open, built in gardens and parks Pointed arch – a two- and four- centered and generally constructed a true arch, Hough corbelled examples were common in India. How to cite Islamic Architecture, Papers

Learning Analytics Research For Australian â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Learning Analytics Research For Australian? Answer: Introduction The Auckland University of Technology was established in the year 2000. More than 29,000 students took admission in the University in the year 2016. The Auckland University of Technology is providing quality education to more than 4000 students from 96 countries. The University has North, City and South campuses in Auckland. AUT millennium and AUT center for Refugee education are specialist locations of the University. AUT got the position of 441-450 in the 2016 QS World University Ranking. The Auckland University of Technology addresses the local concerns related to sustainability as well as takes initiatives to address the global challenges. The operational facilities in the Auckland University of Technology management are in alignment to meet sustainability goals and a culture of Sustainability is promoted in the University through a network of partners, learning, research and teaching. The Auckland University of Technology focuses on the Three Bottom Line of Business-Profit, Peop le and Planet and the vision of the University is aligned to address the concerns of society, economy, environment and the planet. The curriculum of the Auckland University of Technology instills the culture of sustainability among students so that the graduates of the University can contribute to the society by bringing positive change in the field of sustainability (Cullingford Blewitt, 2013). Discussion The United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions (SDGs) Network provided membership to the Auckland University of Technology. Expert knowledge in the field of science and technology from civil society, academics and private sector was utilized for implementing solutions for sustainable development(Caeiro et al, 2013) The University is committed to achieve goals of sustainability a taskforce to meet commitments of sustainability for next 10 years was established by Vice-chancellor Derek Mc Cormack in the year 2012 Evaluation of AUTs Sustainability Measures 1) The Auckland University of Technology has sustainability goals and takes measures in the area of learning and teaching. The curriculum of the AUT enables its students to emerge as leaders and bring changes in the field of sustainability so that the students can contribute to society, environment and economy by their creativity and innovation. The teaching and learning framework embeds the principles of sustainability among students of the AUT. The students who graduate from the University gain the necessary knowledge and skills to contribute to the challenges of sustainability. They become literate about the local and global issues and challenges of sustainability through the learning modules of the University (Hazelkorn, 2015). Activities in AUT to promote sustainability 1) The University involves people from advisory boards of industries to review the curriculum so that elements of sustainability development are included in the teaching and learning framework. 2) The Auckland University of Technology also provides recognition and awards to students and staffs for their noteworthy contribution in the field of Sustainability. 3) The University increases the numbers of services of academics, programs and papers that addresses the perspective of sustainability and the University includes competencies of sustainability as a key quality for graduates. Research and Scholarship Positive change in the environment, society and economy of the New Zealand, Auckland as well as internationally is promoted through the research work undertaken by students and staffs of the AUT. 1) The consultancy projects, research and scholarship undertaken by the University which are encouraged by the Auckland University of Technology promotes a culture of sustainability and meets the goals of sustainability as well as reduces negative impacts, 2) There is transfer of knowledge and expertise among the stakeholders of the Auckland University of Technology which includes community and business through the research and scholarship of the University (Sterling Huckle, 2014). Governance, Staff and Leadership The staffs of the Auckland University of Technology are made capable to address issues of sustainability and it is ensured that the management and business processes of the University are aligned to marketing issues related to the sustainability so that benefits are provided to the well-being of the people of Auckland and worldwide. During the induction and training programs of staffs modules of sustainability are included and responsibilities of sustainability are mentioned in the position description of staffs. Learning in Future Environments (LIFE) index of the AUT monitors performance and progress against the sustainability goals of the University. The policies of sustainability are developed and practices and policies are audited to check the alignment of policies with goals of sustainability (Sustainability in AUT, 2017) Recognition and awards are given to individuals or groups of staffs who act as agents of change and innovators in the field of sustainability, Partnership and community engagement The Auckland University of Technology engages members of the community, and all stakeholders like business and industry and the ideals of Fair Trade are supported among all stakeholders. The policies of procurement of the University are continuously monitored to check their alignment with the principles of sustainability. The volunteering program for staffs and students to address sustainability-related challenges are well designed by the Auckland University of Technology. Entrepreneurial activity is promoted among students which are in alignment with principles of Sustainability (Vaughter et al., 2013). Operations and Facility The synergy is created in between the experience of students and the campus of Auckland University of Technology. The campuses of the University is managed effectively to achieve the goals of sustainability. Restorative practices towards the environment will be adopted by the University and the Auckland University of Technology will undertake projects that will reduce harmful effects on the environment both in Auckland and Worldwide. 1) Reuse and recycling is promoted in the operational activities of the University and non-renewable resources are discouraged to be consumed 2) A plan for management of waste is implemented and initiatives are taken to enhance green spaces within the campus of the University. 3) A plan of travel which is aligned with principles of sustainability is designed for students and staffs who travel for business of the Auckland University of Technology. Utility like gas, water and consumption of electricity is effectively managed in everyday operational activities of the University so that cost can be reduced. Health and safety of staffs and students are ensured within the campus of the University. Strategy of energy management is implemented and students are encouraged to take up activities for the improvement of the campus of Auckland University of Technology as a part of their assessment and activity at class (Lozano et al., 2013) Comparison with University of Melbourne In University of Melbourne there are advocates for student and staff who play a key role in the promotion of a culture of sustainability among staffs and students of University of Melbourne. The advocates promote awareness related to the challenges of sustainability among staffs and students and encourage them to take initiatives that would address sustainability challenges of the environment. The green impact is a sustainable program that was piloted for the first time in the campus of the University and the University which recognizes and gives awards to staffs and students who make significant contribution to this program (Ceulemans, Molderez Van Liedekerke, 2015). The University plans to publish a plan for the management of biodiversity by 2017 March and this plan will be ratified by the Landscape Committee. Maintaining biodiversity and protecting flora, fauna and wildlife is a part of the Sustainability Program for the University. Workstations and storage solutions are provided which addresses the need for furniture. Instead of offsite recycling or using transportation for sending furniture to the land-filling sites, the furniture are reused with the premises of the University. Staffs and students can make purchase of furniture for their personal use once in a month. Departments and staffs can meet team for reusing the furniture by taking an appointment from them. This provides a cost-effective and sustainable solution to the purchase of new furniture for office use. The University of Melbourne has adopted use of renewable energy and has undertaken several projects for effective management of energy. The University and Clean Energy Finance Corporation (CEFC) have signed a $ 9.1 million agreement with to install Solar photovoltaic panel across 6 cities which will help in reducing footprints of carbon by 850 tonnes every year. The service life of these panels and inverters are more than 20 years and they will require minimum maintenance. The University has an objective to achieve carbon neutrality by 2030 and receives funding to continue projects of energy management (Christie et al., 2013). The University takes part actively in Water Cycle Management in Melbourne and has taken part to monitor the use of harvested water. The quality of water is improved and the University has taken initiative to reduce 20% reduction in Total Nitrogen by the year 2018. The University of Melbourne promotes the usage of cycle, public transport and walking to reduce use of energy. The University has 1800 spaces for parking of bicycles. The University of Melbourne has more than 58,000 students and these consumers ensure that Fair Trade is promoted and there is alleviation of poverty worldwide. Difference is made in the lives of farmers of the community. The mark of Fair Trade can provide guarantee the products meet standards of the environment and the economy. The University of Melbourne ensures that farmers can adopt better farming practices and coffee and chocolate with Fair Trade mark are available in the University campus (Sustainability in University of Melbourne, 2017). Thus while comparing the University of Melbourne with Auckland University of Technology, it can be understood that the AUT is doing quite well. While University of Melbourne addressed sustainability issues related to environment more that AUT, but Auckland University of Technology adopts principles of sustainability in areas of research, teaching and learning. The sustainability issues are well addressed by both the Universities to create value for stakeholders in the long run. Both the Universities contribute holistically towards meeting their respective goals of sustainability (Lozano et al., 2013). Assessment of National And International Criteria For Measuring Sustainability The United Nations has mentioned that the goals of Sustainability cant be met by government alone. The United Nations recognize the important role that the universities in Auckland, New- Zealand and the Pacific play to achieve goals of Sustainable Development Solutions Network. The national and international criteria for measuring sustainability are the contribution of an organization in the field of environment, economics and equity. According to me, the Auckland University of Technology is doing quite well as compared to other universities in the region to create a sustainable environment and economy in the Auckland, New Zealand and worldwide. The University does not focus on creating short-term profitability for shareholders but involves in creating value for stakeholders in the long run by implementing principles of sustainability in the areas of learning and teaching, operations and facility, partnership and community engagement, governance, leadership and staff and research and scholarship. These criteria for measuring sustainability are chosen over other criteria because these criteria measure the holistic approach of the Auckland University of Technology towards creating a sustainable environment, economy and equity. These criteria measure the roles that the Auckland University of Technology have towards making a significant contribution towards the people and planet of Auckland, New Zealand and worldwide so that the mixes of the Three Bottom-Line of Business are well balanced (Siemens, Dawson Lynch, 2013). Conclusion Thus it can be concluded that sustainability plays a vital role in todays world and the University makes significant contribution towards economy, equity and environment to create a sustainable world both locally and worldwide. The United Nations has suggested that the government cant work towards creating a sustainable world alone and the universities of the globe plays a role of paramount importance to create a sustainable environment. The Universities should have curriculum for students that makes them responsible citizens and enhances the knowledge, skills and abilities related to sustainability. Universities should promote cultures of sustainability in different areas like principles of learning and teaching, research projects, development of staff and facilities and day-to-day operational activities. It can be concluded that Auckland University of Technology contributes holistically towards creating a sustainable environment in Auckland, New Zealand and worldwide. Reference List Caeiro, S., Leal Filho, W., Jabbour, C., Azeiteiro, U. (2013).Sustainability assessment tools in higher education institutions: mapping trends and good practices around the world. Springer International Publishing. Ceulemans, K., Molderez, I., Van Liedekerke, L. (2015). Sustainability reporting in higher education: A comprehensive review of the recent literature and paths for further research.Journal of Cleaner Production,106, 127-143. Christie, B. A., Miller, K. K., Cooke, R., White, J. G. (2013). 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